opencv学习之直方图绘制

图像直方图就是用表示数字图像中亮度分布的直方图，标绘了图像中每个亮度值的像素数，可以借助观察该直方图了解如何调整亮度分布。

直方图意义如下：

.直方图是图像中像素强度分布的图形表达式

.它统计了每一个强度值所具有的像素个数

绘制H-S直方图示例：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp>
#include<opencv2/photo/photo.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std; 

int main()
{
	Mat image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\Opencv_Test\\beauty.jpg", -1);
	if (!image.data)cout << "Please check the fold exit or not!" << endl;

	Mat hsvImage;
	//转换为HSV颜色模型
	cvtColor(image, hsvImage, COLOR_BGR2HSV);
	//将色调量化为30个等级
	int hueBinNum = 30;
	//将饱和度量化为32个等级
	int saturationBinNum = 32;
	int histSize[] = { hueBinNum,saturationBinNum };
	//色调变化范围为0-179
	float hueRanges[] = { 0,180 };
	//饱和度变化范围为0-255
	float saturationRanges[] = { 0,256 };
	const float*ranges[] = { hueRanges,saturationRanges };

	MatND dstHist;
	//计算第0和第1通道的直方图
	int channels[] = { 0,1 };
	//进行直方图的计算
	calcHist(&hsvImage, 1, channels, Mat(), dstHist, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false);

	double maxValue = 0;
	//查找数组和子数组的全局最小值和最大值存入maxValue中
	minMaxLoc(dstHist, 0, &maxValue, 0, 0);
	int scale = 10;

	Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(saturationBinNum*scale, hueBinNum * 10, CV_8UC3);
	//双重循环进行绘制
	for (int hue = 0;hue < hueBinNum;hue++) {
		for (int saturation = 0;saturation < saturationBinNum;saturation++) {
			float binValue = dstHist.at<float>(hue, saturation);
			int intensity = cvRound(binValue * 255 / maxValue);

			rectangle(histImage, Point(hue*scale, saturation*scale), Point((hue + 1)*scale - 1, 
				(saturation + 1)*scale - 1), Scalar::all(intensity), FILLED);
		}
	}
	
	imshow("原图", image);
	imshow("H_S直方图", histImage);

	while((char)waitKey(0)!='q'){}

	return 0;
}

绘制一维直方图示例：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp>
#include<opencv2/photo/photo.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std; 

int main()
{
	Mat image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\Opencv_Test\\beauty.jpg", 0);
	if (!image.data)cout << "Please check the fold exit or not!" << endl;

	imshow("原图", image);

	MatND dstHist;
	int dims = 1;
	float hranges[] = { 0,255 };
	const float*ranges[] = { hranges };
	int size = 256;
	int channels = 0;

	calcHist(&image, 1, &channels, Mat(), dstHist, dims, &size, ranges);
	int scale = 1;

	Mat dstImage(size*scale, size, CV_8U, Scalar(0));

	double minValue = 0;
	double maxValue = 0;
	minMaxLoc(dstHist, &minValue, &maxValue, 0, 0);

	int hpt = saturate_cast<int>(0.9*size);
	for (int i = 0;i < 256;i++) {
		float binValue = dstHist.at<float>(i);
		int realValue = saturate_cast<int>(binValue*hpt / maxValue);
		rectangle(dstImage, Point(i*scale, size - 1), Point((i + 1)*scale - 1, size - realValue), Scalar(255));
	}

	imshow("一维直方图", dstImage);

	while((char)waitKey(0)!='q'){}

	return 0;
}

绘制真彩色RGB图像直方图示例：

#include"stdafx.h"
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/objdetect/objdetect.hpp>
#include<opencv2/photo/photo.hpp>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std; 

int main()
{
	Mat image = imread("E:\\pictures\\For_Project\\Opencv_Test\\tree.jpg", 1);
	if (!image.data)cout << "Please check the fold exit or not!" << endl;

	imshow("原图", image);
	//参数准备
	int bins = 256;
	int hist_size[] = { bins };
	float range[] = { 0,256 };
	const float*ranges[] = { range };
	MatND redHist, grayHist, blueHist;
	//计算红色分量直方图
	int channels_r[] = { 0 };
	calcHist(&image, 1, channels_r, Mat(), redHist, 1, hist_size, ranges, true, false);
	//计算绿色分量直方图
	int channels_g[] = { 1 };
	calcHist(&image, 1, channels_g, Mat(), grayHist, 1, hist_size, ranges, true, false);
	//计算蓝色分量直方图
	int channels_b[] = { 2 };
	calcHist(&image, 1, channels_b, Mat(), blueHist, 1, hist_size, ranges, true, false);
	//参数准备
	double maxValue_red, maxValue_green, maxValue_blue;
	minMaxLoc(redHist, 0, &maxValue_red, 0, 0);
	minMaxLoc(grayHist, 0, &maxValue_green, 0, 0);
	minMaxLoc(blueHist, 0, &maxValue_blue, 0, 0);

	int scale = 1;
	int histHeight = 256;
	Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(histHeight, bins * 3, CV_8UC3);
	//绘制
	for (int i = 0;i < bins;i++) {
		float binValue_red = redHist.at<float>(i);
		float binValue_green = grayHist.at<float>(i);
		float binValue_blue = blueHist.at<float>(i);
		//分别得到要绘制的RGB三分量的高度
		int intensity_red = cvRound(binValue_red*histHeight / maxValue_red);
		int intensity_green = cvRound(binValue_green*histHeight / maxValue_green);
		int intensity_blue = cvRound(binValue_blue*histHeight / maxValue_blue);
		//分别绘制三分量的直方图
		rectangle(histImage, Point(i*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + 1)*scale - 1,
			histHeight - intensity_red), Scalar(0, 0, 255));
		rectangle(histImage, Point((i+bins)*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + bins + 1)*scale - 1,
			histHeight - intensity_green), Scalar(0, 255, 0));
		rectangle(histImage, Point((i+2*bins)*scale, histHeight - 1), Point((i + 2*bins + 1)*scale - 1,
			histHeight - intensity_blue), Scalar(255, 0, 0));
	}

	imshow("RGB直方图", histImage);

	while((char)waitKey(0)!='q'){}

	return 0;
}