OpenCV直方图的绘制

OpenCV直方图的绘制

1.直方图的绘制

直方图是通过将整个变量值范围划分为小的值范围，然后计算每个间隔中落入多少个值来创建的。
使用calcHist函数计算直方图，函数原型：

void calcHist( const Mat* images, int nimages,
                          const int* channels, InputArray mask,
                          SparseMat& hist, int dims,
                          const int* histSize, const float** ranges,
                          bool uniform = true, bool accumulate = false );

参数说明
/*
* 输入图像
* 输入图像数
* 数字通道尺寸
* 可选的 掩码矩阵
* 存储计算结果
* 直方图 维度（图像 取值的 空间维度）
* 要计算的 区间数（每个像素值一个区间）
* 输入变量的范围， 可能的 像素值 ，范围0~255
*/
响应按钮的回调函数

void showHistoCallback(int state, void* userData)
{
    vector<Mat> bgr;
    split( img, bgr );
    int numbins= 256;
    float range[] = { 0, 256 } ;
    const float* histRange = { range };

    Mat b_hist, g_hist, r_hist;
    calcHist( &bgr[0], 1, 0, Mat(), b_hist, 1, &numbins, &histRange );
    calcHist( &bgr[1], 1, 0, Mat(), g_hist, 1, &numbins, &histRange );
    calcHist( &bgr[2], 1, 0, Mat(), r_hist, 1, &numbins, &histRange );

    int width= 512;
    int height= 300;
    Mat histImage( height, width, CV_8UC3, Scalar(20,20,20) );

    normalize(b_hist, b_hist, 0, height, NORM_MINMAX );
    normalize(g_hist, g_hist, 0, height, NORM_MINMAX );
    normalize(r_hist, r_hist, 0, height, NORM_MINMAX );

    int binStep= cvRound((float)width/(float)numbins);
    for( int i=1; i< numbins; i++)
    {
        line( histImage, Point( binStep*(i-1), height-cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i-1) ) ), Point( binStep*(i), height-cvRound(b_hist.at<float>(i) ) ),Scalar(255,0,0) );
        line( histImage,  Point( binStep*(i-1), height-cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i-1) ) ),Point( binStep*(i), height-cvRound(g_hist.at<float>(i) ) ),Scalar(0,255,0) );
        line( histImage, Point( binStep*(i-1), height-cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i-1) ) ), Point( binStep*(i), height-cvRound(r_hist.at<float>(i) ) ),Scalar(0,0,255) );
    }
    imshow("Histogram", histImage);
}

结果如下：

2.图像均衡（直方图均衡化）

均衡彩色图像，可获取均匀分布的直方图，均衡的结果是图像对比度的增加。均衡能够使对比度较低的局部区域获得高对比度，从而分散最频繁的强度。
两个主要缺点：背景噪声的增加以及随之而来的有用信号的减少。

为了均衡彩色图像，只需均衡亮度通道。

void equalizeCallback(int state, void* userData)
{
    Mat result;
    // Convert BGR image to YCbCr
    Mat ycrcb;
    cvtColor( img, ycrcb, COLOR_BGR2YCrCb);

    // Split image into channels
    vector<Mat> channels;
    split( ycrcb, channels );
    
    // Equalize the Y channel only
    equalizeHist( channels[0], channels[0] );

    // Merge the result channels
    merge( channels, ycrcb );

    // Convert color ycrcb to BGR
    cvtColor( ycrcb, result, COLOR_YCrCb2BGR );

    // Show image
    imshow("Equalized", result);
}

均衡后的直方图：