rt-thread源码分析篇十一：rt_show_version函数分析

一、rt_show_version函数调用关系

二、rt_show_version函数分析

/**
 * This function will show the version of rt-thread rtos
 */
void rt_show_version(void)
{
    rt_kprintf("\n \\ | /\n");
    rt_kprintf("- RT -     Thread Operating System\n");
    rt_kprintf(" / | \\     %d.%d.%d build %s\n",
               RT_VERSION, RT_SUBVERSION, RT_REVISION, __DATE__);
    rt_kprintf(" 2006 - 2018 Copyright by rt-thread team\n");
}
RTM_EXPORT(rt_show_version);

1、rt_kprintf

typedef unsigned long                   rt_ubase_t;
typedef rt_ubase_t                      rt_size_t;

#define RT_CONSOLEBUF_SIZE 128

/**
 * This function will print a formatted string on system console
 *
 * @param fmt the format
 */
void rt_kprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    rt_size_t length;
    static char rt_log_buf[RT_CONSOLEBUF_SIZE];

    va_start(args, fmt);
    /* the return value of vsnprintf is the number of bytes that would be
     * written to buffer had if the size of the buffer been sufficiently
     * large excluding the terminating null byte. If the output string
     * would be larger than the rt_log_buf, we have to adjust the output
     * length. */
    length = rt_vsnprintf(rt_log_buf, sizeof(rt_log_buf) - 1, fmt, args);
    if (length > RT_CONSOLEBUF_SIZE - 1)
        length = RT_CONSOLEBUF_SIZE - 1;
#ifdef RT_USING_DEVICE
    if (_console_device == RT_NULL)
    {
        rt_hw_console_output(rt_log_buf);
    }
    else
    {
        rt_uint16_t old_flag = _console_device->open_flag;

        _console_device->open_flag |= RT_DEVICE_FLAG_STREAM;
        rt_device_write(_console_device, 0, rt_log_buf, length);
        _console_device->open_flag = old_flag;
    }
#else
    rt_hw_console_output(rt_log_buf);
#endif
    va_end(args);
}
RTM_EXPORT(rt_kprintf);

2、stdarg.h

stdarg.h是C语言中C标准函数库的标头文档，stdarg是由stdandard(标准) arguments(参数)简化而来，主要目的为让函数能够接收不定量参数。

不定参数函数(Variadic functions)是stdarg.h内容典型的应用。

1、声明不定参数函数

不定参数函数的参数数量是可变动的，它使用省略号来忽略之后的参数。例如printf函数一般。代表性的声明为:

int check(int a, double b, ...); 

不定参数函数最少要有一个命名的参数，所以

char *wrong(...);

在C是不被允许的(在C++中，这样的声明是合理的)。在C，省略符号之前必须要有逗号；在C++，则没有这种强制要求。

2、变量

va_list

这是一个适用于 va_start()、va_arg() 和 va_end() 这三个宏存储信息的类型。

名称	描述	标准
va_list	用来保存宏va_arg与宏va_end所需信息	c89

3、宏

void va_start(va_list ap, last_arg)

这个宏初始化 ap 变量，它与 va_arg 和 va_end 宏是一起使用的。last_arg 是最后一个传递给函数的已知的固定参数，即省略号之前的参数。

type va_arg(va_list ap, type)

这个宏检索函数参数列表中类型为 type 的下一个参数。

void va_end(va_list ap)

这个宏允许使用了 va_start 宏的带有可变参数的函数返回。如果在从函数返回之前没有调用 va_end，则结果为未定义。

名称	描述	标准
va_start	使va_list指向起始的参数	C89
va_arg	检索参数	C89
va_end	释放va_list	C89

3、rt_vsnprintf

rt_int32_t rt_vsnprintf(char       *buf,
                        rt_size_t   size,
                        const char *fmt,
                        va_list     args)
{
#ifdef RT_PRINTF_LONGLONG
    unsigned long long num;
#else
    rt_uint32_t num;
#endif
    int i, len;
    char *str, *end, c;
    const char *s;

    rt_uint8_t base;            /* the base of number */
    rt_uint8_t flags;           /* flags to print number */
    rt_uint8_t qualifier;       /* 'h', 'l', or 'L' for integer fields */
    rt_int32_t field_width;     /* width of output field */

#ifdef RT_PRINTF_PRECISION
    int precision;      /* min. # of digits for integers and max for a string */
#endif

    str = buf;
    end = buf + size - 1;

    /* Make sure end is always >= buf */
    if (end < buf)
    {
        end  = ((char *) - 1);
        size = end - buf;
    }

    for (; *fmt ; ++fmt)
    {
        if (*fmt != '%')
        {
            if (str <= end)
                *str = *fmt;
            ++ str;
            continue;
        }

        /* process flags */
        flags = 0;

        while (1)
        {
            /* skips the first '%' also */
            ++ fmt;
            if (*fmt == '-') flags |= LEFT;
            else if (*fmt == '+') flags |= PLUS;
            else if (*fmt == ' ') flags |= SPACE;
            else if (*fmt == '#') flags |= SPECIAL;
            else if (*fmt == '0') flags |= ZEROPAD;
            else break;
        }

        /* get field width */
        field_width = -1;
        if (isdigit(*fmt)) field_width = skip_atoi(&fmt);
        else if (*fmt == '*')
        {
            ++ fmt;
            /* it's the next argument */
            field_width = va_arg(args, int);
            if (field_width < 0)
            {
                field_width = -field_width;
                flags |= LEFT;
            }
        }

#ifdef RT_PRINTF_PRECISION
        /* get the precision */
        precision = -1;
        if (*fmt == '.')
        {
            ++ fmt;
            if (isdigit(*fmt)) precision = skip_atoi(&fmt);
            else if (*fmt == '*')
            {
                ++ fmt;
                /* it's the next argument */
                precision = va_arg(args, int);
            }
            if (precision < 0) precision = 0;
        }
#endif
        /* get the conversion qualifier */
        qualifier = 0;
#ifdef RT_PRINTF_LONGLONG
        if (*fmt == 'h' || *fmt == 'l' || *fmt == 'L')
#else
        if (*fmt == 'h' || *fmt == 'l')
#endif
        {
            qualifier = *fmt;
            ++ fmt;
#ifdef RT_PRINTF_LONGLONG
            if (qualifier == 'l' && *fmt == 'l')
            {
                qualifier = 'L';
                ++ fmt;
            }
#endif
        }

        /* the default base */
        base = 10;

        switch (*fmt)
        {
        case 'c':
            if (!(flags & LEFT))
            {
                while (--field_width > 0)
                {
                    if (str <= end) *str = ' ';
                    ++ str;
                }
            }

            /* get character */
            c = (rt_uint8_t)va_arg(args, int);
            if (str <= end) *str = c;
            ++ str;

            /* put width */
            while (--field_width > 0)
            {
                if (str <= end) *str = ' ';
                ++ str;
            }
            continue;

        case 's':
            s = va_arg(args, char *);
            if (!s) s = "(NULL)";

            len = rt_strlen(s);
#ifdef RT_PRINTF_PRECISION
            if (precision > 0 && len > precision) len = precision;
#endif

            if (!(flags & LEFT))
            {
                while (len < field_width--)
                {
                    if (str <= end) *str = ' ';
                    ++ str;
                }
            }

            for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
            {
                if (str <= end) *str = *s;
                ++ str;
                ++ s;
            }

            while (len < field_width--)
            {
                if (str <= end) *str = ' ';
                ++ str;
            }
            continue;

        case 'p':
            if (field_width == -1)
            {
                field_width = sizeof(void *) << 1;
                flags |= ZEROPAD;
            }
#ifdef RT_PRINTF_PRECISION
            str = print_number(str, end,
                               (long)va_arg(args, void *),
                               16, field_width, precision, flags);
#else
            str = print_number(str, end,
                               (long)va_arg(args, void *),
                               16, field_width, flags);
#endif
            continue;

        case '%':
            if (str <= end) *str = '%';
            ++ str;
            continue;

        /* integer number formats - set up the flags and "break" */
        case 'o':
            base = 8;
            break;

        case 'X':
            flags |= LARGE;
        case 'x':
            base = 16;
            break;

        case 'd':
        case 'i':
            flags |= SIGN;
        case 'u':
            break;

        default:
            if (str <= end) *str = '%';
            ++ str;

            if (*fmt)
            {
                if (str <= end) *str = *fmt;
                ++ str;
            }
            else
            {
                -- fmt;
            }
            continue;
        }

#ifdef RT_PRINTF_LONGLONG
        if (qualifier == 'L') num = va_arg(args, long long);
        else if (qualifier == 'l')
#else
        if (qualifier == 'l')
#endif
        {
            num = va_arg(args, rt_uint32_t);
            if (flags & SIGN) num = (rt_int32_t)num;
        }
        else if (qualifier == 'h')
        {
            num = (rt_uint16_t)va_arg(args, rt_int32_t);
            if (flags & SIGN) num = (rt_int16_t)num;
        }
        else
        {
            num = va_arg(args, rt_uint32_t);
            if (flags & SIGN) num = (rt_int32_t)num;
        }
#ifdef RT_PRINTF_PRECISION
        str = print_number(str, end, num, base, field_width, precision, flags);
#else
        str = print_number(str, end, num, base, field_width, flags);
#endif
    }

    if (str <= end) *str = '\0';
    else *end = '\0';

    /* the trailing null byte doesn't count towards the total
    * ++str;
    */
    return str - buf;
}
RTM_EXPORT(rt_vsnprintf);

和C语言标准库中vfprintf函数功能相同。

1、vfprintf

int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list arg)

将参数列表发送格式化输出到流 stream 中

4、rt_hw_console_output

RT_WEAK void rt_hw_console_output(const char *str)
{
    /* empty console output */
}
RTM_EXPORT(rt_hw_console_output);

5、rt_device_write

rt_size_t rt_device_write(rt_device_t dev,
                          rt_off_t    pos,
                          const void *buffer,
                          rt_size_t   size)
{
    RT_ASSERT(dev != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(rt_object_get_type(&dev->parent) == RT_Object_Class_Device);

    if (dev->ref_count == 0)
    {
        rt_set_errno(-RT_ERROR);
        return 0;
    }

    /* call device write interface */
    if (device_write != RT_NULL)
    {
        return device_write(dev, pos, buffer, size);
    }

    /* set error code */
    rt_set_errno(-RT_ENOSYS);

    return 0;
}

串口设备中，device_write保存rt_serial_write函数。

1、rt_serial_write

static rt_size_t rt_serial_write(struct rt_device *dev,
                                 rt_off_t          pos,
                                 const void       *buffer,
                                 rt_size_t         size)
{
    struct rt_serial_device *serial;

    RT_ASSERT(dev != RT_NULL);
    if (size == 0) return 0;

    serial = (struct rt_serial_device *)dev;

    return _serial_poll_tx(serial, buffer, size);
}

2、_serial_poll_tx

rt_inline int _serial_poll_tx(struct rt_serial_device *serial, const rt_uint8_t *data, int length)
{
    int size;
    RT_ASSERT(serial != RT_NULL);

    size = length;
    while (length)
    {
        /*
         * to be polite with serial console add a line feed
         * to the carriage return character
         */
        if (*data == '\n' && (serial->parent.open_flag & RT_DEVICE_FLAG_STREAM))
        {
            serial->ops->putc(serial, '\r');
        }

        serial->ops->putc(serial, *data);

        ++ data;
        -- length;
    }

    return size - length;
}

3、stm32_putc

static int stm32_putc(struct rt_serial_device *serial, char c)
{
    struct stm32_uart *uart;
    RT_ASSERT(serial != RT_NULL);
    uart = (struct stm32_uart *)serial->parent.user_data;
    while (__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(&uart->huart, UART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
    uart->huart.Instance->DR = c;
    return 1;
}

stm32_putc函数将数据写入到串口的DR寄存器中。