Linux 内核调试 四：qemu-system-arm功能选项整理

参考资料：
https://qemu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/about/index.html

onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/qemu/qemu-lq$ ./qemu-system-arm -h
QEMU emulator version 6.2.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-arm [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options: #标准选项
-h or -help     display this help and exit #显示此帮助并退出
-version        display version information and exit #显示版本信息和退出
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list) #选择模拟计算机
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator #选择加速器
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto) #vmport 的控制模拟
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on) #在内核dump中包括客户机内存
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on) #控制内存合并支持
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on) #AES密钥控件支持
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on) #DEA密钥控件支持
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off) #禁止自描述前移
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off) #NVDIMM控件支持
                memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none) #要使用的内存加密对象
                hmat=on|off controls ACPI HMAT support (default=off)
                memory-backend='backend-id' specifies explicitly provided backend for main RAM (default=none) #指定主RAM提供的后端
                sgx-epc.0.memdev=memid
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list) #选择CPU
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,prop[=value][,...]]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, nvmm, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list) #选择加速器
                igd-passthru=on|off (enable Xen integrated Intel graphics passthrough, default=off)
                kernel-irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=on)
                kvm-shadow-mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                split-wx=on|off (enable TCG split w^x mapping)
                tb-size=n (TCG translation block cache size)
                dirty-ring-size=n (KVM dirty ring GFN count, default 0)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [[cpus=]n][,maxcpus=maxcpus][,sockets=sockets][,dies=dies][,cores=cores][,threads=threads]
                set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1] #设置CPU数量
                maxcpus= maximum number of total CPUs, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc #最大总CPU数
                sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system #系统中离散的sockets个数
                dies= number of CPU dies on one socket (for PC only) #一个插槽上的 CPU 芯片数量
                cores= number of CPU cores on one socket (for PC, it's on one die) #一个插槽上的 CPU 内核数
                threads= number of threads on one CPU core #一个 CPU 内核上的线程数
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node][,initiator=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-numa hmat-lb,initiator=node,target=node,hierarchy=memory|first-level|second-level|third-level,data-type=access-latency|read-latency|write-latency[,latency=lat][,bandwidth=bw]
-numa hmat-cache,node-id=node,size=size,level=level[,associativity=none|direct|complex][,policy=none|write-back|write-through][,line=size]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property #为驱动程序属性设置全局默认值
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on #文件的名称将作为logo图片传递给BIOS
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms #启动画面持续的时间段
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms #启动失败时，客户重启前的超时时间
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM #配置客户机内存
                size: initial amount of guest memory #初始客户机内存数量
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none) #热插拔插槽数量
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none) #客户机内存的最大数量
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity #一些体系结构可能强制执行特定的粒度
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM #为客户机RAM提供备份存储
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path) #预分配客户机内存
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French) #使用键盘布局
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings #显示 -audiodev 等效于当前指定的音频设置
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use #指定要使用的音频后端
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32, f32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output #丢弃所有输出的虚拟驱动器
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support #启用音频支持
                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
                use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
                use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver) #添加设备
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest #设置客户机名字
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID #指定机器UUID

Block device options: #块设备选项
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image #使用"file"作为软盘0/1映像
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image #使用"file"作为IDE硬盘0/1映像
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master) #使用"file"作为IDE光盘映像
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend #配置块后端
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name]
       [,aio=threads|native|io_uring]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image #使用"file"作为驱动器映像
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image #使用"file"作为Flash闪存映像
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image #使用"file"作为安全数字卡映像
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image #使用"file"作为并行闪存映像
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files #写入临时文件而不是磁盘映像文件
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly=on]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly=on]
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters #iSCSI 会话参数

USB convenience options: #USB选项
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default) #启用板载 USB 主控制器
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name' #添加主机或客户机USB设备名

Display options: #显示选项
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display none
                select display backend type #选择显示后端类型
                The default display is equivalent to #默认显示等效于
                "-vnc localhost:0,to=99,id=default"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console #禁用图形输出并将串行 I/O 重定向到控制台
-curses         shorthand for -display curses
-alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) #使用 Ctrl-Alt-Shift 来抓取鼠标
-ctrl-grab      use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) #使用 Right-Ctrl 键抓取鼠标
-no-quit        disable SDL/GTK window close capability (deprecated) #禁用 SDL/GTK 窗口关闭功能
-sdl            shorthand for -display sdl
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr]
       [,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,unix=on|off]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl=on|off][,disable-ticketing=on|off]
       [,password=<string>][,password-secret=<secret-id>]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste=on|off]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer=on|off][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD) #将图形输出向左旋转90度
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD) #将图形输出向左旋转一些
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type #选择显卡类型
-full-screen    start in full screen #全屏开始
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>
-no-acpi        disable ACPI
-smbios file=binary
                load SMBIOS entry from binary file #从二进制文件加载 SMBIOS 条目
-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]
              [,uefi=on|off]
                specify SMBIOS type 0 fields #指定 SMBIOS 类型 0 字段
-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 1 fields
-smbios type=2[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,location=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 2 fields
-smbios type=3[,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str][,asset=str]
              [,sku=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 3 fields
-smbios type=4[,sock_pfx=str][,manufacturer=str][,version=str][,serial=str]
              [,asset=str][,part=str][,max-speed=%d][,current-speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 4 fields
-smbios type=11[,value=str][,path=filename]
                specify SMBIOS type 11 fields
-smbios type=17[,loc_pfx=str][,bank=str][,manufacturer=str][,serial=str]
               [,asset=str][,part=str][,speed=%d]
                specify SMBIOS type 17 fields
-smbios type=41[,designation=str][,kind=str][,instance=%d][,pcidev=str]
                specify SMBIOS type 41 fields

Network options: #网络选项
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4=on|off][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6=on|off][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services #配置 ID 为"str"的用户模式网络后端、其 DHCP 服务器和可选服务
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' #配置 ID 为"str"的主机 TAP 网络后端
                connected to a bridge (default=br0) #连接到桥接器
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/usr/local/etc/qemu-ifup) #使用网络脚本"file"
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/usr/local/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to specify the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0) #配置 ID 为"str"的主机 TAP 网络后端，该后端连接到网桥
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on|off][,udp=on|off]
         [,cookie64=on|off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire. #配置 ID 为"str"的网络后端，该后端通过 L2TPv3 伪线路连接到以太网。
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3931). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection #将网络后端配置为使用套接字连接连接到另一个网络
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port #配置一个网络后端连接到一个组播地址和端口
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from #使用'localaddr=addr'指定要从中发送数据包的主机地址
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel #将网络后端配置为使用 UDP 隧道连接到另一个网络
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev' #配置一个由chardev 'dev'支持的vhost-user网络
-netdev vhost-vdpa,id=str,vhostdev=/path/to/dev
                configure a vhost-vdpa network,Establish a vhost-vdpa netdev #配置一个vhost-vdpa网络，建立一个vhost-vdpa netdev
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n' #在集线器上配置 ID 为"n"的集线器端口
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend #初始化板载/默认主机 NIC（使用 MAC 地址 macaddr）并将其连接到给定的主机网络后端
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection) #单独使用它来拥有零网络设备（默认设置是提供"用户"网络连接）
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub) #配置或创建板载（或计算机默认）NIC 并将其连接到集线器 0（除非需要集线器，否则请使用 -nic）
-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface #初始化主机网络接口的旧方法
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options: #字符设备选项
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,nodelay=on|off]
         [,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server=on|off][,wait=on|off][,telnet=on|off][,websocket=on|off][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,abstract=on|off][,tight=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

TPM device options: #TPM 设备选项
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0 #使用路径为字符设备提供路径
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend #使用 chardev 后端配置 TPM 设备

Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options: #调试/专家选项
-compat [deprecated-input=accept|reject|crash][,deprecated-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling deprecated management interfaces #用于处理已弃用的管理接口的策略
-compat [unstable-input=accept|reject|crash][,unstable-output=accept|hide]
                Policy for handling unstable management interfaces #处理不稳定管理接口的策略
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file #添加包含文件中内容的命名fw_cfg条目
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string #添加包含字符串中内容的命名fw_cfg条目
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev' #将串行端口重定向到char设备"dev"
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev' #将并行端口重定向到char设备"dev"
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev' #将监视器重定向到char设备"dev"
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode #似于-monitor，但在“控制”模式下打开
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting #像 -qmp，但使用漂亮的 JSON 格式
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev' #将调试控制台重定向到字符设备"dev"
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file' #将PID写入"文件"
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode #始终以单步模式运行
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental) #在初始化计算机之前暂停 QEMU
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution) #启动时冻结 CPU
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints #使用过度使用提示运行 qemu
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        accept gdb connection on 'dev'. (QEMU defaults to starting #在"dev"上接受 gdb 连接。
                the guest without waiting for gdb to connect; use -S too
                if you want it to not start execution.)
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items) #启用指定项目的日志记录
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr) #将日志输出到日志文件
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..) #将调试输出筛选到地址范围
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator #种子伪随机数生成器
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps #设置 BIOS、VGA BIOS 和键盘映射的目录
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS #设置 BIOS 的文件名
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support #启用 KVM 完全虚拟化支持
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id #指定xen客户域id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain #附加到现有 xen 域
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type). #将可用 xen 操作集限制为指定的域 ID。
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting #退出而不是重新启动
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown #关机前停止
-action reboot=reset|shutdown
                   action when guest reboots [default=reset] #客户机重新启动时的操作
-action shutdown=poweroff|pause
                   action when guest shuts down [default=poweroff] #客户机关闭时操作
-action panic=pause|shutdown|none
                   action when guest panics [default=shutdown]
-action watchdog=reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                   action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor) #立即以保存状态启动
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing #初始化后守护 QEMU
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space #将文件ROM加载到选项ROM空间中
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only) #设置RTC基数和时钟，启用时钟刻度漂移修复（仅限x86）
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off][,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>[,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping, and optionally enable
                record-and-replay mode 
                # 启用虚拟指令计数器，每条指令具有 2^N 个时钟周期，启用主机和虚拟时钟对齐或禁用实时 CPU 休眠，并可选择启用记录和重放模式
-watchdog model
                enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none] #启用虚拟硬件看门狗
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset] #监视程序触发时的操作
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a #设置终端转义字符而不是 ctrl-a
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4=on|off][,ipv6=on|off]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address #准备传入迁移，侦听指定的协议和套接字地址
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command #接受给定文件描述符或给定外部命令的传入迁移
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming #等待URI通过migrate incoming被指定
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices #仅允许可迁移的设备
-nodefaults     don't create default devices #不创建默认设备 #chroot 到 dir 就在启动 VM 之前
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead #在启动 VM 之前更改为用户 ID 用户，用户可以改为数字 uid：gid
-semihosting    semihosting mode #半托管模式
-semihosting-config [enable=on|off][,target=native|gdb|auto][,chardev=id][,arg=str[,...]]
                semihosting configuration #半托管配置
-old-param      old param mode #旧参数模式
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off'). #启用秒补偿模式 2 系统调用筛选器
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny the QEMU process ability
                    to elevate privileges using set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blocking *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
-writeconfig <file>
                read/write config file (deprecated) #读写配置文件
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup #启动时不加载默认用户提供的配置文件
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options #指定跟踪选项
-plugin [file=]<file>[,<argname>=<argvalue>]
                load a plugin #加载插件
-enable-fips    enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
-msg [timestamp[=on|off]][,guest-name=[on|off]]
                control error message format #控制错误消息格式
                timestamp=on enables timestamps (default: off)
                guest-name=on enables guest name prefix but only if
                              -name guest option is set (default: off)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file. #将 JSON 格式的 vmstate 信息输出到文件。
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling #启用同步分析

Generic object creation: #通用对象创建
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.
                #创建类型为 TYPENAME 的新对象，按其指定顺序设置属性。 请注意，必须设置"id"属性。

During emulation, the following keys are useful: #在仿真过程中，以下键很有用
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen #切换全屏
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n' #切换到虚拟控制台"n"
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab #切换鼠标和键盘抓取

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. #使用 -nographic 时，按 "ctrl-a h" 以获得一些帮助。

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.
onlylove@ubuntu:~/My/qemu/qemu-lq$