各种stream

1. ifstream和ofstream

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>

int main()
{
	//std::ofstream::in  	File open for reading
	//std::ofstream::out	File open for writing
	//std::ofstream::binary Operations are performed in binary mode rather than text
	//std::ofstream::ate	The output position starts at the end of the file.
	//std::ofstream::app	  append
	//std::ofstream::truncate  truncate，Any contents that existed in the file before it is open are discarded.
	
	std::ofstream ofs("test.txt", std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::app );
	//Returns true if either (or both) the failbit or the badbit error state flags is set for the stream.
	if (ofs.fail())
	{
		std::cout << "ofs: open file failed" << std::endl;
		exit(-1);
	}

	ofs << "song:" << std::endl << "name：" << "my songs know what you did in the dark" << std::endl;
	ofs.close();


	std::ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open("test.txt", std::ifstream::in);
	if (ifs.fail())
	{
		std::cout << "ifs: open file failed" << std::endl;
		exit(-1);
	}
	
	std::string line;
	while (std::getline(ifs, line))
	{
		std::cout << line << std::endl;
		line.clear();
	}

        ifs.close();
	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

2.关于">>"

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
	int input_value;
	//因istream& operator>> (int& val)，故下面两句等效
	std::cin >> input_value;
	//std::cin.operator>>(input_value);
	std::cout << input_value << std::endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
int main()
{
	int input_value;
	int value_2;
	//这里能够连续输入时因为“>>”的定义istream& operator>> (int& val); ，返回值仍然为istream,故能够继续输入。
	//下面两句等效
	std::cin >> input_value >> value_2;
	//std::cin.operator>>(input_value).operator>>(value_2);
	std::cout << input_value << std::endl;
	std::cout << value_2 << std::endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.istream成员函数

gcount  Returns the number of characters extracted by the last unformatted input operation performed on the object.

getline  注意: A null character ('\0') is automatically appended to the written sequence if n is greater than zero, even if an empty string is extracted.

get Extracts(提取之后std::cin中就不会再存有对应的输入内容) characters from the stream, as unformatted input:

支持的格式有：

(1) single character

(2) c-string

(3) stream buffer

#include<iostream>

int main()
{
	char input[20];
	std::cin.getline(input, 10);
        //std::cin.get(input, 20);
	std::cout << std::cin.gcount() << std::endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

ignore 对当前获取到的输入内容，抛弃掉遇到制定的字符串之前的内容，保留指定字符串之后的。

#include<iostream>

int main()
{
    char first, last;

    first = std::cin.get();
    std::cin.ignore(32,' ');
    
    last = std::cin.get();
    std::cout << "first:" << first << " last:" << last << std::endl;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

read  istream& read (char* s, streamsize n);
Extracts n characters from the stream and stores them in the array pointed to by s.

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>

int main()
{
	std::ifstream ifs("test.txt", std::ifstream::binary);
	if (ifs)
	{
		// change input stream position
		ifs.seekg(0, ifs.end);
		// return input stream position
		int length = ifs.tellg();
		ifs.seekg(0, ifs.beg);

		char* buffer = new char[length+1];
		std::cout << "length: " << length << std::endl;

		ifs.read(buffer, length);
		buffer[length] = '\0';

		std::cout << buffer << std::endl;

		ifs.close();
	}


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

readsome  streamsize readsome (char* s, streamsize n);

putback

Attempts to decrease the current location in the stream by one character, making the last character extracted from the stream once again available to be extracted by input operations.

#include <iostream>     // std::cin, std::cout
#include <string>       // std::string


int main () {
  std::cout << "Please, enter a number or a word: ";
  char c = std::cin.get();

  std::string str;

  //填充一个c在输入流的“头”，可以保证输入流在用get提取一个字符后仍然保持不变
  std::cin.putback(c);
  getline(std::cin, str);
  std::cout << "You entered a word: " << str << '\n';

  system("pause");

  return 0;
}

tellg  streampos tellg(); 

Returns the position of the current character in the input stream. 返回当前位置从开头位置的偏移数。

 

seekg Sets the position of the next character to be extracted from the input stream.