实现自己的myshell

/*************************************************************************
    > File Name: myshell.c
    > Author: hepan
    > Mail: hepansos@gmail.com
    > Created Time: 2016年07月25日 星期一 22时58分21秒
 ************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <readline/readline.h>
#include <readline/history.h>

#define normal          0       //一般命令
#define out_redirect_1  1       //输出重定向('>'新建)
#define out_redirect_2  2       //输出重定向('>>'追加)
#define in_redirect     3       //输入重定向
#define have_pipe       4       //管道命令

void handler_sigint(int signo);                 //信号处理函数
void my_err(const char *err_string, int line);  //错误处理函数
void get_pwd(char *pwd);                        //获取当前工作目录
void save_input(char *buf);                     //保存输入的命令
void history(void);                             //记录历史命令
void draw_input(char *buf, int *argcount, char arglist[][256]);     //提取输入命令
void do_cmd(int argcount, char arglist[][256]);                     //处理输入命令
int find_cmd(char *cmd);                                            //查找命令中的可执行程序
void hpsh(void);                                                    //shell处理

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    signal(SIGINT,handler_sigint);      //使程序不能以“CTRL+C”结束，要结束需按“CTRL+\”

    hpsh();                             //shell处理

    exit(0);
}

//信号处理函数
void handler_sigint(int signo)
{}

//错误处理函数
void my_err(const char *err_string, int line)
{
    fprintf(stderr,"line: %d ",line);
    perror(err_string);
    exit(1);
}

//获取当前工作目录
void get_pwd(char *pwd)
{
    int i, j = 0, len;
    char tmp[30] = "/home/";
    char buf[256];

    getcwd(buf,256);

    struct passwd *pw;
    pw = getpwuid(getuid());
    strcat(tmp,pw->pw_name);
    len = strlen(tmp);

    if (strncmp(buf,tmp,len) == 0) {
        pwd[j++] = '~';
        for (i=len; buf[i] != '\0'; i++,j++) {
            pwd[j] = buf[i];
        }
        pwd[j] = '\0';
    } else {
        strcpy(pwd,buf);
    }
}

//shell处理
void hpsh(void)
{
    int i;
    char *buf = (char *)malloc(256);
    char arglist[10][256];
    int argcount = 0;

    if (buf == NULL) {
        my_err("malloc",__LINE__);   
    }
    while (1) {
        memset(buf,0,256);
        save_input(buf);

        //输入命令是exit或logout，退出shell
        if (strcmp(buf,"exit") == 0 || strcmp(buf,"logout") == 0) {
            break;
        }

        //如果按下enter键，则只是换行，不处理
        if (strcmp(buf,"") == 0 ) {
            continue;
        }

        for (i=0; i<10; i++) {
            arglist[i][0] = '\0';
        }
        argcount = 0;

        draw_input(buf, &argcount, arglist);    //提取输入命令
        do_cmd(argcount,arglist);               //处理输入命令
    }
    free(buf);
}

//保存输入的命令
void save_input(char *buf)
{
    int len = 0;
    char ch;
    int fd;
    char str[500];
    char *tmp;
    char pwd[256];
    char computer[256];

    struct passwd *pw;
    struct utsname uts;

    //获取用户名
    pw = getpwuid(getuid());

    //获取主机名
    if (gethostname(computer,255) != 0 || uname(&uts) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr,"无法获取主机信息\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    get_pwd(pwd);

    sprintf(str,"\033[01;32m%s@%s\033[0m:\033[01;34m%s\033[0m$ ",pw->pw_name,uts.nodename,pwd);

    tmp = (char *)malloc(sizeof(256));
    memset(tmp,0,sizeof(tmp));

    //实现tab补全
    tmp = readline(str);
    strcpy(buf,tmp);

    //历史命令可以上下翻
    add_history(buf);       
    free(tmp);

    //将输入的历史命令存储
    fd = open("/tmp/history",O_CREAT|O_RDWR|O_APPEND,0644);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("open");
    }
    if (strlen(buf) != 0) {
        write(fd,buf,len);
        write(fd,"\n",1);
    }

    close(fd);
}

//读取历史命令
void history(void)
{
    int i = 0, ret, j;
    FILE *fp;
    char history[2000][20];

    fp = fopen("/tmp/history", "r");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        perror("fopen");
        exit(0);
    }

    while ( fgets(history[i++],20,fp) ) ;
    fclose(fp);
    for (j=0; j<i-1; j++) {
        printf("    %d    %s",j+1,history[j]);
    }
}

//提取输入命令，忽略命令间空格
void draw_input(char *buf, int *argcount, char arglist[][256])
{
    int i = 0, j = 0;

    while (buf[i] != '\0') {
        if ( buf[i] != ' ' ) {
            arglist[*argcount][j++] = buf[i++];           
        } else {
            while (buf[++i] == ' '){
                continue;
            }
            arglist[*argcount][j] = '\0';
            (*argcount)++;
            j = 0;
        }
    }
    arglist[(*argcount)++][j] = '\0';
}

//处理输入命令
void do_cmd(int argcount, char arglist[][256])
{
    int flag = 0;
    int background = 0;     //标识命令中是否有后台运行标识符&
    int other = 0;          //用于指示命令中是否有>,<,|
    int status;
    int i;
    int fd;
    char *argnext[argcount+1];
    char *arg[argcount+1];
    char *file;
    pid_t pid;
    char pwd[256];
    char tmp[30] = "/home/";
    struct passwd *pw;
    pw = getpwuid(getuid());
    strcat(tmp,pw->pw_name);

    //使ls命令列出的文件带有颜色
    if (strcmp(arglist[0],"ls") == 0) {
        strcpy(arglist[argcount++],"--color");
    }

    //将命令取出
    for (i=0; i<argcount; i++) {
        arg[i] = (char *)arglist[i];
    }
    arg[i] = NULL;

    //如果输入history，列出历史命令（带有序号）
    if (strcmp(arg[0],"history") == 0) {
        history();
        return;
    }

    //cd命令
    if ( strcmp(arg[0],"cd") == 0 ) {
        if (arg[1] == NULL || (strcmp(arg[1],"~") == 0) ) {
            if (chdir(tmp) == 0) {
                return;
            } else {
                perror("chdir");
                return;
            }
        }
        if (arg[2] != NULL) {
            printf("wrong command\n");
        } else if (chdir(arg[1]) == 0) {
            return;
        } else {
            perror("chdir");
            return;
        }
    }

    //查看命令中是否有后台运行符&
    for (i=0; i<argcount; i++) {
        if (strncmp(arg[i],"&",1) == 0) {
            if (i == argcount-1) {
                background = 1;
                arg[argcount-1] = NULL;
                break;
            } else {
                printf("wrong command\n");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
    }

    for (i=0; arg[i] != NULL; i++) {
        if (strcmp(arg[i],">") == 0) {
            flag++;
            other = out_redirect_1;
            if (arg[i+1] == NULL) {
                flag++;
            }
        }

        if (strcmp(arg[i],">>") == 0) {
            flag++;
            other = out_redirect_2;
            if (arg[i+1] == NULL) {
                flag++;
            }
        }

        if (strcmp(arg[i],"<") == 0) {
            flag++;
            other = in_redirect;
            if (i == 0) {
                flag++;
            }
        }

        if (strcmp(arg[i],"|") == 0) {
            flag++;
            other = have_pipe;
            if (arg[i+1] == NULL) {
                flag++;
            }
            if (i == 0) {
                flag++;
            }
        }
    }

    //flag大于1，说明命令中含有多个>,<,>>,|符号，本程序不支持
    //或者命令格式不对，如“ls -l /tmp >”
    if (flag > 1) {
        printf("wrong command\n");
        exit(0);
    }

    //命令中只有一个输出重定向（>）
    if (other == out_redirect_1) {
        for (i=0; arg[i] != NULL; i++) {
            if (strcmp(arg[i],">") == 0) {
                file = arg[i+1];
                arg[i] = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    //命令中只有一个输出重定向（>>）
    if (other == out_redirect_2) {
        for (i=0; arg[i] != NULL; i++) {
            if (strcmp(arg[i],">>") == 0) {
                file = arg[i+1];
                arg[i] = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    //命令中只有一个输入重定向
    if (other == in_redirect) {
        for (i=0; arg[i] != NULL; i++) {
            if (strcmp(arg[i],"<") == 0) {
                file = arg[i+1];
                arg[i] = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    //命令中只有一个管道符
    if (other == have_pipe) {
        for (i=0; arg[i] != NULL; i++) {
            if (strcmp(arg[i],"|") == 0) {
                arg[i] = NULL;
                int j;
                for (j=i+1; arg[j] != NULL; j++) {
                    argnext[j-i-1] = arg[j];
                }
                argnext[j-i-1] = arg[j];
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
        my_err("fork",__LINE__);
    }

    switch (other) {
    //普通命令
    case 0:
        if (pid == 0) {
            if ( !(find_cmd(arg[0])) ) {
                printf("%s : command not found\n",arg[0]);
                exit(0);
            }
            execvp(arg[0],arg);
            exit(0);
        }
        break;
    //含有输出重定向>
    case 1:
        if (pid == 0) {
            if ( !(find_cmd(arg[0])) ) {
                printf("%s : command not found\n",arg[0]);
                exit(0);
            }
            fd = open(file,O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0644);
            dup2(fd,1);
            execvp(arg[0],arg);
            close(fd);
            exit(0);
        }
        break;
    //含有输出重定向>>
    case 2:
        if (pid == 0) {
            if ( !(find_cmd(arg[0])) ) {
                printf("%s : command not found\n",arg[0]);
                exit(0);
            }
            fd = open(file,O_APPEND|O_WRONLY,0644);
            dup2(fd,1);
            execvp(arg[0],arg);
            close(fd);
            exit(0);
        }
        break;
    //含有输入重定向
    case 3:
        if (pid == 0) {
            if ( !(find_cmd(arg[0])) ) {
                printf("%s : command not found\n",arg[0]);
                exit(0);
            }
            fd = open(file,O_RDONLY);
            dup2(fd,0);
            execvp(arg[0],arg);
            close(fd);
            exit(0);
        }
        break;
    //含有管道
    case 4:
        if (pid == 0) {
            int pid2;
            int status2;
            int fd2;

            if ((pid2 = fork()) < 0) {
                my_err("fork",__LINE__);
            } else if (pid2 == 0) {
                if ( !(find_cmd(arg[0])) ) {
                    printf("%s : command not found\n",arg[0]);
                    exit(0);
                }
                fd2 = open("/tmp/temp",O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC,0644);
                dup2(fd2,1);
                execvp(arg[0],arg);
                exit(0);
            }

            if (waitpid(pid2,&status2,WNOHANG) == -1) {
                //my_err("waitpid",__LINE__);
                printf("%d: wait for child process error\n",__LINE__);
            }


            if ( !(find_cmd(argnext[0])) ) {
                printf("%s : command not found\n",argnext[0]);
                exit(0);
            }
            fd2 = open("/tmp/temp",O_RDONLY);
            dup2(fd2,0);

            execvp(argnext[0],argnext);

            if ( remove("/tmp/temp") ) {
                my_err("remove",__LINE__);
            }

            close(fd);
            exit(0);
        }
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

    //如果命令中有&，表示后台执行，父进程直接返回，不等待子进程结束
    if (background == 1) {
        printf("[1] %d\n",pid);
        return;
    }

    //父进程等待子进程结束
    if (waitpid(pid,&status,0) == -1) {
        printf("%d: wait for child process error\n",__LINE__);
    }
}

//查找命令中的可执行程序
int find_cmd(char *cmd)
{
    DIR *dir;
    struct dirent *dirp;
    char *path[] = {"./","/bin","/usr/bin",NULL};

    //使当前目录下的程序可以运行
    if (strncmp(cmd,"./",2) == 0) {
        cmd = cmd + 2;
    }

    //分别在当前目录，/bin和/usr/bin目录查找要执行的程序
    int i = 0;
    while (path[i] != NULL) {
        if ((dir = opendir(path[i])) == NULL) {
            my_err("opendir",__LINE__);
        }
        while ((dirp = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
            if (strcmp(dirp->d_name,cmd) == 0) {
                closedir(dir);
                return 1;
            }    
        }
        closedir(dir);
        i++;
    }
    return 0;
}

//安装readline库
sudo apt install libreadline6-dev 
//编译
gcc myshell.c -o myshell -lreadline
//运行
./myshell