透光显图：Python实现图片灰度转深度生成3D打印STL文件

将图片转换为灰度图，根据灰度值确定stl文件深度。做到透光显图的效果。

效果

 Python实现

# 工功能：将图片根据灰度转换为stl文件
# 作者：Oyontalas
# CSDN: https://blog.csdn.net/oyontalas
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from stl import mesh

def image_to_stl(image_path, stl_path, resize=1.0, pic_size=100.0, h_size=1.0, h_bias=0.2):
    '''
    image_path: 图片路径
    stl_path: 保存stl文件路径
    resize: 缩放比例
    pic_size: 图片长边大小(单位mm)
    h_size: 图片高度(单位mm)
    h_bias: 图片高度偏移(单位mm)
    '''
    # Load image and convert to grayscale
    img = Image.open(image_path).convert('L')

    img_array = np.array(img)
    # Get image dimensions
    height, width = img_array.shape
    # resize image
    img = img.resize((int(width * resize), int(height * resize)))
    # 保存图片
    # img.save('resize.jpg')
    img_array = np.array(img)
    height, width = img_array.shape

    # 将img_array的数据类型转换为浮点型
    img_array = img_array.astype(np.float32)
    # img_array转换到0-1之间
    img_array = img_array/255.0
    # img_array反向
    img_array = 1 - img_array
    # 设置高度
    img_array = img_array*h_size
    # img_array加上高度偏移
    img_array = img_array + h_bias


    # 选出width和height中的最大值
    pic_scale = max(width, height)

    # Create vertices and faces arrays
    vertices = [[[[x / pic_scale * pic_size, y / pic_scale * pic_size, -1*img_array[y, x]],
                  [x / pic_scale * pic_size, y / pic_scale * pic_size, 0]] for x in range(width)] for y in range(height)]
    # Generate faces
    faces = []
    # top faces
    for y in range(height - 1):
        for x in range(width - 1):
            # Top surface faces
            faces.append([(y, x, 0), (y, x+1, 0), (y+1, x, 0)])
            faces.append([(y, x+1, 0), (y+1, x+1, 0), (y+1, x, 0)])
            # bottom faces
            faces.append([(y, x, 1), (y, x+1, 1), (y+1, x, 1)])
            faces.append([(y, x+1, 1), (y+1, x+1, 1), (y+1, x, 1)])

    # side faces
    for y in range(height - 1):
        faces.append(
            [(y, width - 1, 0), (y+1, width - 1, 0), (y, width - 1, 1)])
        faces.append(
            [(y+1, width - 1, 0), (y, width - 1, 1), (y+1, width - 1, 1)])
        faces.append([(y, 0, 0), (y, 0, 1), (y+1, 0, 0)])
        faces.append([(y+1, 0, 0), (y, 0, 1), (y+1, 0, 1)])
    for x in range(width - 1):
        faces.append(
            [(height - 1, x, 0), (height - 1, x+1, 0), (height - 1, x, 1)])
        faces.append(
            [(height - 1, x+1, 0), (height - 1, x+1, 1), (height - 1, x, 1)])
        faces.append([(0, x, 0), (0, x, 1), (0, x+1, 0)])
        faces.append([(0, x+1, 0), (0, x, 1), (0, x+1, 1)])

    # Convert to numpy arrays
    vertices = np.array(vertices)
    faces = np.array(faces)

    # Create the mesh
    surface = mesh.Mesh(np.zeros(faces.shape[0], dtype=mesh.Mesh.dtype))
    # print(faces.shape)
    for i, f in enumerate(faces):
        for j in range(3):
            # print(i, j, f[j][0], f[j][1], f[j][2])
            surface.vectors[i][j] = vertices[f[j][0], f[j][1], f[j][2], :]

    # Save to file
    surface.save(stl_path)

# 定义图片路径
image_path = 'example.jpg'
# 定义保存stl文件路径
stl_path = 'example.stl'
# Example usage
image_to_stl(image_path, stl_path, resize=1.0, pic_size=50.0, h_size=1.0,h_bias=0.3)