二叉搜索树的操作集
本题要求实现给定二叉搜索树的5种常用操作。
函数接口定义:
BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
Position FindMin( BinTree BST );
Position FindMax( BinTree BST );
其中BinTree
结构定义如下:
typedef struct TNode *Position;
typedef Position BinTree;
struct TNode{
ElementType Data;
BinTree Left;
BinTree Right;
};
- 函数
Insert
将X
插入二叉搜索树BST
并返回结果树的根结点指针; - 函数
Delete
将X
从二叉搜索树BST
中删除,并返回结果树的根结点指针;如果X
不在树中,则打印一行Not Found
并返回原树的根结点指针; - 函数
Find
在二叉搜索树BST
中找到X
,返回该结点的指针;如果找不到则返回空指针; - 函数
FindMin
返回二叉搜索树BST
中最小元结点的指针; - 函数
FindMax
返回二叉搜索树BST
中最大元结点的指针。
裁判测试程序样例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef int ElementType;
typedef struct TNode *Position;
typedef Position BinTree;
struct TNode{
ElementType Data;
BinTree Left;
BinTree Right;
};
void PreorderTraversal( BinTree BT ); /* 先序遍历,由裁判实现,细节不表 */
void InorderTraversal( BinTree BT ); /* 中序遍历,由裁判实现,细节不表 */
BinTree Insert( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
BinTree Delete( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
Position Find( BinTree BST, ElementType X );
Position FindMin( BinTree BST );
Position FindMax( BinTree BST );
int main()
{
BinTree BST, MinP, MaxP, Tmp;
ElementType X;
int N, i;
BST = NULL;
scanf("%d", &N);
for ( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
scanf("%d", &X);
BST = Insert(BST, X);
}
printf("Preorder:"); PreorderTraversal(BST); printf("\n");
MinP = FindMin(BST);
MaxP = FindMax(BST);
scanf("%d", &N);
for( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
scanf("%d", &X);
Tmp = Find(BST, X);
if (Tmp == NULL) printf("%d is not found\n", X);
else {
printf("%d is found\n", Tmp->Data);
if (Tmp==MinP) printf("%d is the smallest key\n", Tmp->Data);
if (Tmp==MaxP) printf("%d is the largest key\n", Tmp->Data);
}
}
scanf("%d", &N);
for( i=0; i<N; i++ ) {
scanf("%d", &X);
BST = Delete(BST, X);
}
printf("Inorder:"); InorderTraversal(BST); printf("\n");
return 0;
}
/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */
输入样例:
10
5 8 6 2 4 1 0 10 9 7
5
6 3 10 0 5
5
5 7 0 10 3
输出样例:
Preorder: 5 2 1 0 4 8 6 7 10 9
6 is found
3 is not found
10 is found
10 is the largest key
0 is found
0 is the smallest key
5 is found
Not Found
Inorder: 1 2 4 6 8 9
BinTree Insert(BinTree BST, ElementType X) {
if (!BST) {
BST = (BinTree)malloc(sizeof(struct TNode));
BST->Data = X;
BST->Left = NULL;
BST->Right = NULL;
}
//递归建树
else if (X < BST->Data)
BST->Left = Insert(BST->Left, X);
else if (X > BST->Data)
BST->Right = Insert(BST->Right, X);
//如果相等,什么也不做
return BST; //返回树的根节点地址
}
BinTree Delete(BinTree BTS, ElementType X) {
Position Tmp;
if (!BTS) printf("Not Found\n");
else {
if (X < BTS->Data) {
BTS->Left = Delete(BTS->Left, X);//左子树递归删除
}
else if (X > BTS->Data) {
BTS->Right = Delete(BTS->Right, X);//右子树递归删除
}
else {
//若此节点为叶子节点,直接删除
//若节点有一个儿子节点,直接使其父节点指向要删除的结点的非空的儿子节点
//当有两个儿子节点时,用右子树的最小数据(很容易找到)代替该节点的数据并递归的删除那个节点(变为NULL)
if (BTS->Left && BTS->Right) { //被删除的结点有左右两个子结点
Tmp = FindMin(BTS->Right); //在右子树中找到最小的元素来填充删除的结点
BTS->Data = Tmp->Data;
BTS->Right = Delete(BTS->Right, BTS->Data); //在删除结点的右子树中递归删除最小元素
}
else { //被删除结点有一个或0个子结点
Tmp = BTS;
if (!BTS->Left) {
BTS = BTS->Right;
}
else if (!BTS->Right) {
BTS = BTS->Left;
}
free(Tmp);
}
}
}
return BTS;
}
Position Find(BinTree BST, ElementType X) {
if (BST == NULL) return NULL;
if (BST->Data == X) return BST;
else {
if (X < BST->Data)
BST = Find(BST->Left, X);
else if (X > BST->Data)
BST = Find(BST->Right, X);
}
}
Position FindMin(BinTree BST) { //从根节点开始,只要有左儿子就向左递归查找,终止点即为最小元素
if (!BST) return NULL;
else {
if (BST->Left) FindMin(BST->Left);
else return BST;
}
}
Position FindMax(BinTree BST) { //一直向右查找
if (!BST) return NULL;
else {
if (BST->Right != NULL)
FindMax(BST->Right);
else
return BST;
}
/*
if (BST) {
while (BST->Right) {
BST = BST->Right;
}
}
return BST;
*/
}