设计模式——单例模式
记录了四种单例模式的Java实现,分别为饿汉式、懒汉式、线程安全的懒汉式、双重检查锁的实现方式。方便日后复习,也希望能帮到其他小伙伴,如有错误,欢迎指正!
public class SingletonPattern {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//测试
Singleton_lazy s1 = Singleton_lazy.getInstance();
System.out.println(s1);
Singleton_lazy s2 = Singleton_lazy.getInstance();
System.out.println(s2);
}
}
//饿汉式(INSTANCE是静态变量,类加载的时候就创建了INSTANCE,因此是线程安全的)
final class Singleton_h{
private Singleton_h(){}
private static Singleton_h INSTANCE = new Singleton_h();
public static Singleton_h getInstance(){
return INSTANCE;
}
}
//懒汉式(可能不止创建一个实例,线程不安全)
final class Singleton_lazy{
private Singleton_lazy(){}
private static Singleton_lazy INSTANCE = null;
public static Singleton_lazy getInstance(){
if (INSTANCE == null){
INSTANCE = new Singleton_lazy();
}
return INSTANCE;
}
}
//线程安全的懒汉式
final class Singleton_lazy_safe{
private Singleton_lazy_safe(){}
private static Singleton_lazy_safe INSTANCE = null;
// 这种效率太低了,因为之后都不可能为空了,但是每次都要获得锁,性能比较差
public static synchronized Singleton_lazy_safe getInstance(){
if (INSTANCE == null){
INSTANCE = new Singleton_lazy_safe();
}
return INSTANCE;
}
}
//双重检查锁(减小锁的粒度,若已经实例化后,后面的线程就不需要进入同步代码块了)
final class Singleton_lazy_double_checked{
private Singleton_lazy_double_checked(){}
/**注意这里一定要使用volatile,否则第一个线程可能先分配的地址,并且让INSTANCE指向了地址;
此时第一个线程由于指令重排,可能还在进行实例化,这时候如果又来了一个线程判断INSTANCE已经不为空了,
就会直接return这个此时还未完全实例化的INSTANCE的,造成错误的发生,所以一定要用volatile,
通过屏障来保证INSTANCE = new Singleton_lazy_double_checked()的有序性,即禁止指令重排 **/
private volatile static Singleton_lazy_double_checked INSTANCE = null;
public static Singleton_lazy_double_checked getInstance(){
if (INSTANCE == null){
synchronized (Singleton_lazy_double_checked.class){
if (INSTANCE == null){
INSTANCE = new Singleton_lazy_double_checked();
}
}
}
return INSTANCE;
}
}