设计模式之责任链模式

责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility） 为解除请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合，而使多个对象都有机会处理这个请求。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有一个对象处理它。

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示例

需求：模拟公司请假或者加薪的制度，请假天数不大于２天的由经理处理，请假天数大于2天不超过５天的请求由总监处理，请假大于５天或者请求加薪时由总经理处理。

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首先定义处理请求行为的父类：

/**
 * handler类
 */
public abstract class Manager {

protected String name;

public Manager(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

protected Manager superior;

public void setSuperior(Manager superior) {
this.superior = superior;
}

public abstract void requestApp(Request request);
}

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经理：

 /**
 * 具体处理的类
 */ 
public class CommonManager extends Manager {
public CommonManager(String name) {
    super(name);
}

//最先接受请求的经理对象，由其向后转发请求。请假天数不大于２天的由其处理。
@Override
public void requestApp(Request request) {

    if (request.getRequestType().getValue().equals(RequestType.DAYOFF.getValue()) &&
            request.getNumber() <= 2) {

        System.out.println(name + ":" + request.getRequestContent() + request.getNumber() + "被批准");

    } else if (superior != null) {

        superior.requestApp(request);
    }
}
}

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总监：

public class Majordomo extends Manager {
public Majordomo(String name) {
    super(name);
}

//总监对象，处理请假天数不超过５天的请求。
@Override
public void requestApp(Request request) {

    if (request.getRequestType().getValue().equals(RequestType.DAYOFF.getValue()) &&
            request.getNumber() <= 5) {

        System.out.println(name + ":" + request.getRequestContent() + request.getNumber() + "被批准");

    } else if (superior != null) {

        superior.requestApp(request);
    }
}
}

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总经理：

public class GeneralManager extends Manager {
public GeneralManager(String name) {
    super(name);
}

//请假大于５天或者请求加薪时由总经理处理
@Override
public void requestApp(Request request) {

    if (request.getRequestType().getValue().equals(RequestType.DAYOFF.getValue())) {
        System.out.println(name + ":" + request.getRequestContent() + request.getNumber() + "被批准");
    } else if (request.getRequestType().getValue().equals(RequestType.ADDRAISE.getValue()) &&
            request.getNumber() <= 500) {
        System.out.println(name + ":" + request.getRequestContent() + request.getNumber() + "被批准");
    } else if (request.getRequestType().getValue().equals(RequestType.ADDRAISE.getValue()) &&
            request.getNumber() > 500) {
        System.out.println(name + ":" + request.getRequestContent() + request.getNumber() + "被拒绝");
    }
}
}

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请求对象Request：

public class Request {

private RequestType requestType;

private int number;

private String requestContent;

public RequestType getRequestType() {
    return requestType;
}

public void setRequestType(RequestType requestType) {
    this.requestType = requestType;
}

public int getNumber() {
    return number;
}

public void setNumber(int number) {
    this.number = number;
}

public String getRequestContent() {
    return requestContent;
}

public void setRequestContent(String requestContent) {
    this.requestContent = requestContent;
}
}

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public enum RequestType {

DAYOFF("请假"),
ADDRAISE("加薪");

private String value;

RequestType(String value) {
    this.value = value;
}

public String getValue() {
    return value;
}
}

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运行测试：

@Test
public void ChainOfResponsibilityTest() {

    CommonManager commonManager = new CommonManager("经理");
    Majordomo majordomo = new Majordomo("总监");
    GeneralManager generalManager = new GeneralManager("总经理");

    commonManager.setSuperior(majordomo);
    majordomo.setSuperior(generalManager);

    Request request1 = new Request();
    request1.setRequestContent("张三请假");
    request1.setRequestType(RequestType.DAYOFF);
    request1.setNumber(2);
    commonManager.requestApp(request1);


    Request request2 = new Request();
    request2.setRequestContent("张三请假");
    request2.setRequestType(RequestType.DAYOFF);
    request2.setNumber(4);
    commonManager.requestApp(request2);


    Request request3 = new Request();
    request3.setRequestContent("张三加薪");
    request3.setRequestType(RequestType.ADDRAISE);
    request3.setNumber(400);
    commonManager.requestApp(request3);

    Request request4 = new Request();
    request4.setRequestContent("张三加薪");
    request4.setRequestType(RequestType.ADDRAISE);
    request4.setNumber(600);
    commonManager.requestApp(request4);

    //经理:张三请假2被批准
    //总监:张三请假4被批准
    //总经理:张三加薪400被批准
    //总经理:张三加薪600被拒绝
}

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责任链模式的好处：当客户提交一个请求时，请求时沿链传递直接有一个处理对象负责处理它。
这样做使得接收者和发送者都没有对方的明确信息，且链中的对象自己并不知道链的结构。结果是职责链可简化对象的相互连接。它们仅需保持一个指向其后继者的引用，而不需要保持它所有的候选接受者的引用。

我们需要注意的是：在设计具体的处理对象时，我们要确定请求是由当前处理对象出来或者是传递给后继者。

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参考书籍：《大话设计模式》

源码地址

本文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/ProdigalWang/article/details/78223472