【JAVA-线程】开启多线程启动和停止的世界

启动线程的正确和错误方式:

  1. start()和run()的比较
  2. start()方法原理解读
  3. run()方法原理
start()和run()的比较
package threadcoreknowledge.startthread;

import threadcoreknowledge.createthreads.ThreadStyle;

/**
 * 描述:     对比start和run两种启动线程的方式
 */
public class StartAndRunMethod {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = () -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

        };
        runnable.run();

        new Thread(runnable).start();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

  1. start方法含义:
    启动新线程:

不能重复start()

package threadcoreknowledge.startthread;

/**
 * 描述:     演示不能两次调用start方法,否则会报错
 */
public class CantStartTwice {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread();
        thread.start();
        thread.start();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

如何正确停止线程?

原理:使用interrupt来通知,而不是强制

第一种情况:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads;

/**
 * 描述:     run方法内没有sleep或wait方法时,停止线程
 */
public class RightWayStopThreadWithoutSleep implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int num = 0;
        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && num <= Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2) {
            if (num % 10000 == 0) {
                System.out.println(num + "是10000的倍数");
            }
            num++;
        }
        System.out.println("任务运行结束了");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new RightWayStopThreadWithoutSleep());
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

第二种情况:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads;

/**
 * 描述:     带有sleep的中断线程的写法
 */
public class RightWayStopThreadWithSleep {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Runnable runnable = () -> {
            int num = 0;
            try {
                while (num <= 300 && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
                    if (num % 100 == 0) {
                        System.out.println(num + "是100的倍数");
                    }
                    num++;
                }
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        };
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(500);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

第三种情况:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads;

/**
 * 描述:     如果在执行过程中,每次循环都会调用sleep或wait等方法,那么不需要每次迭代都检查是否已中断
 */
public class RightWayStopThreadWithSleepEveryLoop {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Runnable runnable = () -> {
            int num = 0;
            try {
                while (num <= 10000) {
                    if (num % 100 == 0) {
                        System.out.println(num + "是100的倍数");
                    }
                    num++;
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        };
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

while内try/catch的问题
package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads;

/**
 * 描述:     如果while里面放try/catch,会导致中断失效
 */
public class CantInterrupt {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Runnable runnable = () -> {
            int num = 0;
            while (num <= 10000 && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
                if (num % 100 == 0) {
                    System.out.println(num + "是100的倍数");
                }
                num++;
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

结果:
在这里插入图片描述
我们从上面的例子可以看到,即使我加了while的判断!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()来判断这个线程是否已被停止,但是程序依然没有停止!

解决方法:
在这里插入图片描述
第一种:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads;

import threadcoreknowledge.createthreads.ThreadStyle;

/**
 * 描述:     最佳实践:catch了InterruptedExcetion之后的优先选择:在方法签名中抛出异常 那么在run()就会强制try/catch
 */
public class RightWayStopThreadInProd implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            System.out.println("go");
            try {
                throwInMethod();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                //保存日志、停止程序
                System.out.println("保存日志");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void throwInMethod() throws InterruptedException {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new RightWayStopThreadInProd());
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

第二种:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads;

/**
 * 描述:最佳实践2:在catch子语句中调用Thread.currentThread().interrupt()来恢复设置中断状态,以便于在后续的执行中,依然能够检查到刚才发生了中断
 * 回到刚才RightWayStopThreadInProd补上中断,让它跳出
 */
public class RightWayStopThreadInProd2 implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
                System.out.println("Interrupted,程序运行结束");
                break;
            }
            reInterrupt();
        }
    }

    private void reInterrupt() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new RightWayStopThreadInProd2());
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        thread.interrupt();
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
一、stop方法为什么不安全

其实stop方法天生就不安全,因为它在终止一个线程时会强制中断线程的执行,不管run方法是否执行完了,并且还会释放这个线程所持有的所有的锁对象。这一现象会被其它因为请求锁而阻塞的线程看到,使他们继续向下执行。这就会造成数据的不一致,我们还是拿银行转账作为例子,我们还是从A账户向B账户转账500元,我们之前讨论过,这一过程分为三步,第一步是从A账户中减去500元,假如到这时线程就被stop了,那么这个线程就会释放它所取得锁,然后其他的线程继续执行,这样A账户就莫名其妙的少了500元而B账户也没有收到钱。这就是stop方法的不安全性。

二、suspend方法为什么被弃用

suspend被弃用的原因是因为它会造成死锁。suspend方法和stop方法不一样,它不会破换对象和强制释放锁,相反它会一直保持对锁的占有,一直到其他的线程调用resume方法,它才能继续向下执行。

假如有A,B两个线程,A线程在获得某个锁之后被suspend阻塞,这时A不能继续执行,线程B在或者相同的锁之后才能调用resume方法将A唤醒,但是此时的锁被A占有,B不能继续执行,也就不能及时的唤醒A,此时A,B两个线程都不能继续向下执行而形成了死锁。这就是suspend被弃用的原因。

接下来是演示用volatile的局限:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads.volatiledemo;

/**
 * 描述:     演示用volatile的局限:part1 看似可行
 */
public class WrongWayVolatile implements Runnable {

    private volatile boolean canceled = false;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int num = 0;
        try {
            while (num <= 100000 && !canceled) {
                if (num % 100 == 0) {
                    System.out.println(num + "是100的倍数。");
                }
                num++;
                Thread.sleep(1);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        WrongWayVolatile r = new WrongWayVolatile();
        Thread thread = new Thread(r);
        thread.start();
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        r.canceled = true;
    }
}

结果:
在这里插入图片描述
这种方法貌似是可行的,线程也被停止了。
但是在接下来这个例子里,这个方法就不可行了

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads.volatiledemo;

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

/**
 * 描述:     演示用volatile的局限part2 陷入阻塞时,volatile是无法线程的
 * 此例中,生产者的生产速度很快,消费者消费速度慢,所以阻塞队列满了以后,生产者会阻塞,等待消费者进一步消费
 */
public class WrongWayVolatileCantStop {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ArrayBlockingQueue storage = new ArrayBlockingQueue(10);

        Producer producer = new Producer(storage);
        Thread producerThread = new Thread(producer);
        producerThread.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        Consumer consumer = new Consumer(storage);
        while (consumer.needMoreNums()) {
            System.out.println(consumer.storage.take()+"被消费了");
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
        System.out.println("消费者不需要更多数据了。");

        //一旦消费不需要更多数据了,我们应该让生产者也停下来,但是实际情况
        producer.canceled=true;
        System.out.println(producer.canceled);
    }
}

class Producer implements Runnable {

    public volatile boolean canceled = false;

    BlockingQueue storage;

    public Producer(BlockingQueue storage) {
        this.storage = storage;
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {
        int num = 0;
        try {
            while (num <= 100000 && !canceled) {
                if (num % 100 == 0) {
                    storage.put(num);
                    System.out.println(num + "是100的倍数,被放到仓库中了。");
                }
                num++;
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("生产者结束运行");
        }
    }
}

class Consumer {

    BlockingQueue storage;

    public Consumer(BlockingQueue storage) {
        this.storage = storage;
    }

    public boolean needMoreNums() {
        if (Math.random() > 0.95) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

结果:
在这里插入图片描述
通过上图可以很明显看出,这个线程并没有被停止,而是一直在运行中,无法被停止。下面我们就做一下改进:

package threadcoreknowledge.stopthreads.volatiledemo;

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

/**
 * 描述:     用中断来修复刚才的无尽等待问题
 */
public class WrongWayVolatileFixed {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        WrongWayVolatileFixed body = new WrongWayVolatileFixed();
        ArrayBlockingQueue storage = new ArrayBlockingQueue(10);

        Producer producer = body.new Producer(storage);
        Thread producerThread = new Thread(producer);
        producerThread.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);

        Consumer consumer = body.new Consumer(storage);
        while (consumer.needMoreNums()) {
            System.out.println(consumer.storage.take() + "被消费了");
            Thread.sleep(100);
        }
        System.out.println("消费者不需要更多数据了。");


        producerThread.interrupt();
    }


    class Producer implements Runnable {

        BlockingQueue storage;

        public Producer(BlockingQueue storage) {
            this.storage = storage;
        }


        @Override
        public void run() {
            int num = 0;
            try {
                while (num <= 100000 && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
                    if (num % 100 == 0) {
                        storage.put(num);
                        System.out.println(num + "是100的倍数,被放到仓库中了。");
                    }
                    num++;
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                System.out.println("生产者结束运行");
            }
        }
    }

    class Consumer {

        BlockingQueue storage;

        public Consumer(BlockingQueue storage) {
            this.storage = storage;
        }

        public boolean needMoreNums() {
            if (Math.random() > 0.95) {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
}

这里主要用到了interrupt来停止线程,跟之前的一样

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