《C Primer Plus》第3章复习题与编程练习

复习题

1~10

11. 指出下列转义序列的含义

1. \n：回车字符
2. \\：\
3. \“：”
4. \t：水平制表符

编程练习

1. 溢出测试

无符号整型溢出：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    // unsigned char占2字节，取值范围为：0~256
    unsigned char a = 256 + 1;
    printf("%d\n", a); //输入1

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

对于无符号整型上溢，对2^{8*sizeof(type)}做模运算。

有符号整型溢出：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    // signed char占2字节，取值范围为：-128~127
    signed char a = -129;
    signed char b = 128;
    printf("%d\n", a); //下溢，输入127
    printf("%d\n", b); // 上溢，输出-128
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

可以将取值范围是为一个循环数组，超过127后，回到-128；同理，低于-128后，回到127。

浮点数溢出：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    float toobig = 3.4e38 * 100.0f;
    float tosmall = 0.1234e-45;

    printf("%f\n", toobig);  //上溢，输出1.#INF00
    printf("%e\n", tosmall); //下溢，输出0.000000e+000

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

可以看到，上溢输出INF特殊字符，下溢丢失精度，输出0。

2. 输入ASCII值，打印对应字符

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    char c;
    printf("Please input a number: ");
    scanf("%d", &c);
    printf("%d in ASCII is %c.\n", c, c);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

测试：

3. 打印

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    printf("\aStartled by the sudden sound, Sally shouted,\n\"By the Great Pumpkin, what was that!\"\n");

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

4. 浮点数打印

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    float num;
    printf("Enter a floating-point value: ");
    scanf("%f", &num);
    printf("fixed-point natation: %.6f\n", num);
    printf("exponential notation: %.6e\n", num);
    printf("p notation: %.2a\n", num);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

5. 输入年龄，打印对应秒数

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    int age;
    printf("please input your age: ");
    scanf("%d", &age);
    printf("You've been alive for %f seconds.\n", age * 3.156e7);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

6. 输入水的夸脱数，打印水分子数

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    int quart;
    printf("please input the quart: ");
    scanf("%d", &quart);
    printf("%d quarts of water has %e water molecules.\n", quart, quart * 950 / (3.0e-23));

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

7. 输入身高（英寸），打印身高（厘米）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    int height;
    printf("Please input your height(inch): ");
    scanf("%d", &height);
    printf("%d inchs is equaled to %f cm.\n", height, height * 2.54);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

8. 打印等价容量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
    float glass;
    float pint;
    float ounce;
    float spoon;
    float teaspoon;

    printf("How many glasses?\n");
    scanf("%f", &glass);
    pint = glass / 2;
    ounce = 8 * glass;
    spoon = 2 * ounce;
    teaspoon = 3 * spoon;
    printf("%f glasses=%f pints, =%f ounces, =%f spoons, =%f teaspoons\n", glass, pint, ounce, spoon, teaspoon);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}