科技交流英语（2022秋）Unit1-Unit8题干速查

科技交流英语（2022秋）Unit1-Unit8题干速查

简介

由电子科技大学组织开设，授课教师为李京南、庞慧、刘兆林等5位老师。

课程介绍

英语广泛用于工程技术领域的国际交流。如何使用简洁的语言清楚地传递信息是工程师在国际舞台上常常面临的问题。本课程讲解交流中需要考虑的要素及语言选择的策略要点，培养用英语进行定义、描写、解释、报告、阐释的能力，帮助工程技术人员灵活运用已有英语语言知识和技能，快速进行准确得体的口头和书面交流。

开课时间：2022-07-25 至2023-01-09

Unit1

1. What shall we take into consideration for more effective communication?

2. What questions shall we ask when preparing for an oral presentation?

3. Which are the typical features of a formal style?

4. Which are the typical features of a formal style?

5. Which are the typical features of an informal style?

6. Which are the typical features of an informal style?

7. Which usually use a more informal style of language?

8. Which usually show a more formal style of language?

9. Which sentence has the most formal style?

10. Which sentence has the most formal style?

11. Which sentence has the most formal style?

12. Which sentence has the most formal style?

13. Which sentence has the most formal style?

14. Where are the sentences most possibly from: “Hey, a party tonight. Wanna go?”

15. Where are the sentences most possibly from: “Now a group of researchers in Minnesota is going that same route with lab-grown hearts. Yes, it may sound kind of like science fiction, but organs grown in a lab could eventually replace today’s transplants.”

16. Where is the sentence most possibly from: “We should undertake any necessary measures at the earliest opportunity in case of the possible negative effects.”

17. Where is this sentence most possibly from: “Plans to collect similar corpora from more children based on a transportable recording system are underway.”

Unit2

1. Which is the correct understanding of the “appropriateness” in self-introduction?

2. An application letter to a professor usually takes a ______ style.

3. Your email to a professor is expected to be ______.

4. Which of the following describes a good first email to a professor for an application?

5. In your email exchange with a professor, you can mention his/her publications with an effort to _______.

6. A personal bio is usually written from the ______ point of view.

7. A personal bio usually starts with a ______.

8. Which of the following are usually included in a personal bio for academic purposes?

9. Which of the following is the officially suggested spelling for the Chinese name 钱学森, according to The Chinese Phonetic Alphabet Spelling Rules for Chinese Names?

10. Which is a commonly accepted spelling of a Chinese name?

11. Which are commonly accepted spellings of a Chinese name in English?

12. Which are commonly accepted descriptions of one’s education?

Unit3

1. What is a definition?

2. Why do we define?

3. What are the must-included elements of a standard definition?

4. Which is the category word in this definition: “A bar code reader is an input device to read the information of bar codes.”

5. Which is the category word in this definition: “Engineering is the application of science and math to solve problems.”

6. Which is the appropriate category word for this definition: “Algorithm is a set of ______ a computer follows in calculations or other problem-solving operations.”

7. What is the most possible term defined by this definition: “______ is an evolving collection that describes a large volume of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data that has the potential to be mined for information and used in machine learning projects and other advanced analytics applications.”

8. Which is an appropriate feature description for this definition: “A saw is a cutting tool which ______.”

9. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “The majority of corporate profits, or earnings after all the operating expenses have been deducted, are subject to tax by the government.”

10. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “Preventive measures include wearing masks, keeping personal hygiene, and social distancing.”

11. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “The White House, the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States, is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.”

12. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “Machine-learning technology powers many aspects of modern society: from web searches to content filtering on social net-works to recommendations on e-commerce websites.”

13. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “Conventional machine-learning techniques were limited in their ability to process natural data in their raw form.”

14. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “These adjustable parameters, often called weights, are real numbers that can be seen as knobs’ that define the input-output function of the machine.”

15. This sentence contains a variety of standard definition: “SGD refers to stochastic gradient descent.”

16. What technique is used in this extended definition: “I was born with a rare visual condition called achromatopsia, which is total color blindness, so I’ve never seen color, and I don’t know what color looks like. To me, the sky is always gray, flowers are always gray, and television is still in black and white.”

17. What technique is used in this extended definition: “A Motherboard is the main circuit board that serves as a platform to connect all the parts of a computer. It serves as the “nervous system” of a computer, and connects all computer parts to each other, so that electrical signals are conducted through it.”

18. What technique is used in this extended definition: “ConvNet is a type of deep, feedforward network designed to process data that come in the form of multiple arrays. There are four key ideas behind ConvNets that take advantage of the properties of natural signals: local connections, shared weights, pooling and the use of many layers.”

Unit4

1. A description of a device is usually accompanied by an illustration.
2. In the specification part of a device description, we need to explain how the device works.
3. When we describe a device, we need to explain how it is structured.
4. When we describe a device, we need to describe every components in detail.
5. Which expressions can be used to mention the components of a device?
6. Which expressions can be used to describe the shape of a device component?
7. Which expressions can be used to describe the texture of a device component?
8. Which expressions can be used to describe the material of a device component?
9. When describing a device, what information could be included?
10. Which questions are usually answered when we describe a device?
11. Which questions are usually answered when we describe a system?
12. When we describe the structure of a device, we usually talk about the ______.
13. The “physical features” of a device refers to ______.
14. A technical manual usually contains a detailed textual description of a device.
15. Specifications are preferred for detailed textual descriptions in technical writing.
16. A research paper usually uses illustrations to show the structure of a device or a system.
17. A research paper usually uses words to show the function of a device or a system.

Unit5

1. This is most probably a/an ______: Automatic audio processing algorithms are used to robustly detect speech in the audio and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Sequences of speech segments are loaded into a specially designed transcription interface that enables a human transcriber to simply listen and type, obviating the need for manually finding and segmenting speech or explicitly controlling audio playback. As a result, playback stays synchronized to the transcriber’s speed of transcription.
2. This is most probably a/an ______: We can use automatic audio processing algorithms to robustly detect speech in the audio, and then split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. We load sequences of speech segments into a specially designed transcription interface. On the interface a human transcriber doesn’t need to find and segment speech manually, or explicitly control audio playback. The transcriber only needs to listen and type. Playback stays synchronized to the transcriber’s speed of transcription.
3. This is most probably a/an ______: Use automatic audio processing algorithms to detect speech in the audio and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Then load sequences speech segments into a specially designed transcription interface. Listen to the speech segments and type out the scripts. The interface automatically synchronizes the audio and the transcriber’s speed of transcription.
4. This is most probably a/an ______: Automatic audio processing algorithms were used to robustly detect speech in the audio and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Sequences of speech segments were loaded into a specially designed transcription interface that synchronizes playback with a transcriber’s speed of transcription, so that a human transcriber simply listens and types, obviating the need for manually finding and segmenting speech or explicitly controlling audio playback.
5. This is most probably a/an ______: How does BlitzScribe work? It uses automatic audio processing algorithms to robustly detect speech in the audio, and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Then these segments are loaded into a specially designed transcription interface. This interface can synchronize playback automatically with a transcriber’s speed of transcription. A human transcriber simply needs to listen and type. He doesn’t need to find a speech himself, or cut the speech, or control the audio playback.
6. This is most probably a/an ______: We first detected speech in the audio with automatic audio processing algorithms, and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Then sequences of speech segments were loaded into a specially designed transcription interface which synchronizes audio playback with a transcriber’s speed of transcription automatically. Five transcribers listened and transcribed the speech segments.
7. This is most probably from a ______: Automatic audio processing algorithms are used to robustly detect speech in the audio and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Sequences of speech segments are loaded into a specially designed transcription interface that enables a human transcriber to simply listen and type, obviating the need for manually finding and segmenting speech or explicitly controlling audio playback. As a result, playback stays synchronized to the transcriber’s speed of transcription.
8. This is most probably from a ______: We can use automatic audio processing algorithms to robustly detect speech in the audio, and then split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. We load sequences of speech segments into a specially designed transcription interface. On the interface a human transcriber doesn’t need to find and segment speech manually, or explicitly control audio playback. The transcriber only needs to listen and type. Playback stays synchronized to the transcriber’s speed of transcription.
9. This is most probably from a ______: Use automatic audio processing algorithms to detect speech in the audio and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Then load sequences speech segments into a specially designed transcription interface. Listen to the speech segments and type out the scripts. The interface automatically synchronizes the audio and the transcriber’s speed of transcription.
10. This is most probably from a ______: Automatic audio processing algorithms were used to robustly detect speech in the audio and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Sequences of speech segments were loaded into a specially designed transcription interface that synchronizes playback with a transcriber’s speed of transcription, so that a human transcriber simply listens and types, obviating the need for manually finding and segmenting speech or explicitly controlling audio playback.
11. This is most probably from a ______: How does BlitzScribe work? It uses automatic audio processing algorithms to robustly detect speech in the audio, and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Then these segments are loaded into a specially designed transcription interface. This interface can synchronize playback automatically with a transcriber’s speed of transcription. A human transcriber simply needs to listen and type. He doesn’t need to find a speech himself, or cut the speech, or control the audio playback.
12. This is most probably from a ______: We first detected speech in the audio with automatic audio processing algorithms, and split speech into short, easy to transcribe segments. Then sequences of speech segments were loaded into a specially designed transcription interface which synchronizes audio playback with a transcriber’s speed of transcription automatically. Five transcribers listened and transcribed the speech segments.

Unit6

1. When we cite data from a study, we only need to give out the specific data.

2. When we cite data from a study, we need to give out the source or the location, so that the audience would know where to get more detail for that data.

3. When we cite data from a study, we need to give out a detailed description of a whole set of data.

4. When we cite data from a study, we need to present the original table or figure together with a textual description.

5. When we cite data from a study, we usually interpret the meaning of the data instead of just giving out the data itself.

6. The word “data” only refers to information in the form of numbers.

7. The word “data” refers to all the information existing in the world.

8. The word “data” refers to the information collected for a specific purpose.

9. The word “data” refers to information in an electronic form that can be stored and used by a computer.

10. In the textual data report with visual displays, we need to specify the location of the mentioned data.

11. In the textual data report, we shall describe a trend shown instead of giving out the original data.

12. In our report, we shall focus more on findings instead of data.

13. In our report, we shall present all we have found from our analysis of data.

14. In our report, we shall explain why a highlighted data is worth noticing.

15. We can cite data from other studies when we comment on our data.

16. We can explain the reasons for a finding when we report data.

17. We can mention the implications of a finding when we report data.

18. We usually use past tense when we report a direct observation.

19. We usually use present tense when we offer our analysis.

20. We can use either present tense or past tense when we talk about our findings.

21. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The measure might be more sensitive to changes in health after specialist treatment.

22. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: In spite of its limitations, the study might appear to have a number of important strengths to some degree.

23. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The results indicate that there is a link between smoking and lung cancer.

24. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The results prove that there is a link between smoking and lung cancer.

25. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The results show that smoking is the cause of lung cancer.

26. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The results show that lung cancer is caused by smoking.

27. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The results show that smoking contributes to lung cancer.

28. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The latest series of studies question the value of including consumer expectations in the assessment of service quality.

29. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The finding suggests that some physical exercise might be able to prevent depression to some degree.

30. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: Studies have found that quantum entanglement may play a role in some types of magnetoreception with certain molecules, but more work is needed to explore this phenomenon.

31. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The result proves that the increase in human activities caused environmental degradation in the area.

32. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: The results in Figure 4 validate the second conclusion that certain bacteria reduce arsenic levels in groundwater.

33. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: Table 3 shows that alcohol leads to brain damage in teenagers.

34. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: Recycling is the best solution to the waste disposal problem, as our study finds.

35. This is an appropriate “confidently uncertain” claim: It could be concluded that some evidence seems to suggest that at least certain villagers might not have traded their pottery with others outside the community.

Unit7

1. Why do we cite?

2. Which of the following need(s) a citation?

3. What questions do we usually ask when deciding on a credible source to cite?

4. Which is usually regarded as a credible source to cite in the field of science and technology?

5. What are the features of a credible journal?

6. When is it acceptable to use material from the Internet without citation?

7. Which need to be cited?

8. Which need to be cited?

9. Which need to be cited?

10. Which need to be cited?

Unit8

1. Which are considered plagiarism?
2. Which statement is true about plagiarism?
3. Which might result if one is labled a plagiarist?
4. How can we avoid plagiarism?
5. What are the features of a good paraphrase?
6. What are the language features of a summary?
7. How can paraphrase language be different from the original?
8. Which is a legitimate paraphrase of this sentence: “Hackers have used patched software vulnerabilities to attack systems of local governments, who are often slow to update their systems.”
9. Which is a legitimate paraphrase of this sentence: “Conventional machine-learning techniques were limited in their ability to process natural data in their raw form.”
10. Which are accepted citation of the following information: There is nothing inhuman about an intelligent machine; it is indeed an expression of those superb intellectual capabilities that only human beings, of all the creatures on our planet, now possess. from p.292, Sagan, C. (1979). Broca’s brain: reflections on the romance of science. First edition. New York: Random House.