《C++ Primer Plus》(第6版)第15章编程练习
《C++ Primer Plus》(第6版)第15章编程练习
1. Tv和Remote类
对Tv和Remote类做如下修改:
a. 让它们互为友元;
b. 在Remote类中添加一个状态变量成员,该成员描述遥控器是处于常规模式还是互动模式;
c. 在Remote中添加一个显示模式的方法;
d. 在Tv类中添加一个对Remote中新成员进行切换的方法,该方法应仅当TV处于打开状态时才能运行。
编写一个小程序来测试这些新特性。
程序:
tv.h:
#ifndef TV_H
#define TV_H
class Remote; // forward declaration
class Tv
{
private:
int state; // on or off
int volume; // assumed to be digitized
int maxchannel; // maximum number of channels
int channel; // current channel setting
int mode; // broadcast or cable
int input; // TV or DVD
public:
friend class Remote; // Remote can access Tv private parts
enum
{
On,
Off
};
enum
{
MinVal,
MaxVal = 20
};
enum
{
Antenna,
Cable
};
enum
{
TV,
DVD
};
Tv(int s = Off, int mc = 125) : state(s), volume(5), maxchannel(mc), channel(2), mode(Cable), input(TV) {}
void onoff() { state = (state == On) ? Off : On; }
bool inon() const { return state == On; }
bool volup();
bool voldown();
void chanup();
void chandown();
void set_mode() { mode = (mode == Antenna) ? Cable : Antenna; }
void set_input() { input = (input == TV) ? DVD : TV; }
void settings() const; // display all settings
void set_rmode(Remote &r);
};
class Remote
{
private:
int mode; // control TV or DVD
int rmode; // control Regular or Interact
public:
friend class Tv;
enum
{
Regular,
Interact
};
Remote(int m = Tv::TV, int r = Regular) : mode(m), rmode(r) {}
bool volup(Tv &t) { return t.volup(); }
bool voldown(Tv &t) { return t.voldown(); }
void onoff(Tv &t) { t.onoff(); }
void chanup(Tv &t) { t.chanup(); }
void chandown(Tv &t) { t.chandown(); }
void set_chan(Tv &t, int c) { t.channel = c; }
void set_mode(Tv &t) { t.set_mode(); }
void set_input(Tv &t) { t.set_input(); }
void show_rmode() const;
};
inline void Tv::set_rmode(Remote &r)
{
using std::cout;
if (state == On)
r.rmode = (r.rmode == Remote::Regular) ? Remote::Interact : Remote::Regular;
else
cout << "The tv is off, please turn it on first.\n";
}
#endif
tv.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include "tv.h"
bool Tv::volup()
{
if (volume < MaxVal)
{
volume++;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool Tv::voldown()
{
if (volume > MinVal)
{
volume--;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
void Tv::chanup()
{
if (channel < maxchannel)
channel++;
else
channel = 1;
}
void Tv::chandown()
{
if (channel > 1)
channel--;
else
channel = maxchannel;
}
void Tv::settings() const
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "TV is " << (state == Off ? "Off" : "On") << endl;
if (state == On)
{
cout << "Volume setting = " << volume << endl;
cout << "Channel setting = " << channel << endl;
cout << "Mode = " << (mode == Antenna ? "antenna" : "cable") << endl;
cout << "Input = " << (input == TV ? "TV" : "DVD") << endl;
}
}
void Remote::show_rmode() const
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << "Remote mode = " << (rmode == Regular ? "Regular" : "Interact") << endl;
}
use_tv.cpp:
// use_tv.cpp -- using the Tv and Remote classes
#include <iostream>
#include "tv.h"
int main()
{
using std::cout;
Tv s42;
Remote grey;
cout << "Initial settings for 42\" TV:\n";
s42.settings();
s42.onoff();
s42.chanup();
grey.show_rmode();
s42.set_rmode(grey);
cout << "\nAdjusted settings for 42\" TV:\n";
s42.settings();
s42.set_rmode(grey);
grey.set_chan(s42, 10);
grey.volup(s42);
grey.volup(s42);
cout << "\n42\" settings after using remote:\n";
s42.settings();
s42.set_rmode(grey);
Tv s58(Tv::On);
s58.set_mode();
grey.set_chan(s58, 28);
cout << "\n58\" settings:\n";
s58.settings();
grey.show_rmode();
s58.set_rmode(grey);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果:
2. 异常
修改程序清单15.11,使两种异常类型都是从头文件提供的logic_error类派生出来的类。让每个what()方法都报告函数名和问题的性质。异常对象不用存储错误的参数值,而只需支持what()方法。
程序:
exc_mean.h:
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
class bad_hmean : public std::logic_error
{
public:
double v1;
double v2;
bad_hmean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const std::string &s = "hmean() argument should not bo negative to each other.\n") : std::logic_error(s), v1(a), v2(b){};
};
class bad_gmean : public std::logic_error
{
public:
double v1;
double v2;
bad_gmean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const std::string &s = "gmean() argument should be >= 0.\n") : std::logic_error(s), v1(a), v2(b){};
};
error.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include "exc_mean.h"
double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);
int main()
{
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
double x, y, z;
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
while (cin >> x >> y)
{
try
{
z = hmean(x, y);
cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y
<< " is " << z << endl;
cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y
<< " is " << gmean(x, y) << endl;
cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>:";
}
catch (bad_hmean &h)
{
cout << h.what();
cout << "Values used: " << h.v1 << ", " << h.v2 << endl;
cout << "Try again.\n";
continue;
}
catch (bad_gmean &g)
{
cout << g.what();
cout << "Values used: " << g.v1 << ", " << g.v2 << endl;
cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more." << endl;
break;
}
}
cout << "Bye!" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
double hmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a == -b)
throw bad_hmean(a, b);
return 2.0 * a * b / (a + b);
}
double gmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a < 0 || b < 0)
throw bad_gmean(a, b);
return std::sqrt(a * b);
}
运行结果:
3. 派生异常
这个练习与编程练习2相同,但异常类是从一个这样的基类派生而来的:它是从logic_error派生而来的,并存储两个参数值。异常类应该有一个这样的方法:报告这些值以及函数名。程序使用一个catch块来捕获基类异常,其中任何一种从该基类异常派生而来的异常都将导致循环结束。
程序:
exc_mean.h:
// exc_mean.h -- exception classes for hmean(), gmean()
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class bad : public logic_error
{
public:
double v1;
double v2;
string name;
explicit bad(double a = 0, double b = 0, const string &n = "hmean", const string &s = "Error in hmean()\n")
: v1(a), v2(b), name(n), logic_error(s) {}
void mesg();
virtual ~bad() throw() {}
};
class bad_hmean : public bad
{
public:
explicit bad_hmean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const string &n = "hmean", const string &s = "Error in hmean()\n")
: bad(a, b, n, s) {}
void mesg() { cout << "hmean(" << v1 << ", " << v2 << "): "
<< "invalid arguments: a = -b.\n"; }
virtual ~bad_hmean() throw() {}
};
class bad_gmean : public bad
{
private:
string name;
public:
explicit bad_gmean(double a = 0, double b = 0, const string &n = "gmean", const string &s = "Error in gmean()\n")
: bad(a, b, n, s) {}
string mesg() { return "gmean() arguments should be >= 0\n"; }
virtual ~bad_gmean() throw() {}
};
error.cpp:
// error.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // or math.h, unix users may need -lm flag
#include "exc_mean.h"
// function prototypes
double hmean(double a, double b);
double gmean(double a, double b);
int main()
{
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
double x, y, z;
cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
while (cin >> x >> y)
{
try
{ // start of try block
z = hmean(x, y);
cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y
<< " is " << z << endl;
cout << "Geometric mean of " << x << " and " << y
<< " is " << gmean(x, y) << endl;
cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: ";
} // end of try block
catch (bad_hmean &bg) // start of catch block
{
cout << bg.what();
cout << "Error message:\n";
bg.mesg();
cout << "Try again.\n";
continue;
}
catch (bad_gmean &hg)
{
cout << hg.what();
cout << "Error message:\n"
<< hg.mesg();
cout << "Values used: " << hg.v1 << " , " << hg.v2 << endl;
cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more.\n";
break;
} // end of catch block
}
cout << "Bye!\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}
double hmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a == -b)
throw bad_hmean(a, b);
return 2.0 * a * b / (a + b);
}
double gmean(double a, double b)
{
if (a < 0 || b < 0)
throw bad_gmean(a, b);
return std::sqrt(a * b);
}
运行结果:
4. RTTI
程序清单15.16在每个try后面都使用两个catch块,以确保nbad_index异常导致方法label_val()被调用。请修改该程序,在每个try块后面只使用一个catch块,并使用RTTI来确保合适时调用label_val()。
程序:
sales.h:
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
using std::string;
class Sales
{
public:
enum
{
MONTHS = 12
};
class bad_index : public std::logic_error
{
private:
int bi; // bad index value
public:
explicit bad_index(int ix, const string &s = "Index error in Sales object\n");
int bi_val() const { return bi; }
virtual ~bad_index() throw() {}
};
explicit Sales(int yy = 0);
Sales(int yy, const double *gr, int n);
virtual ~Sales() {}
int Year() const { return year; }
virtual double operator[](int i) const;
virtual double &operator[](int i);
private:
double gross[MONTHS];
int year;
};
class LabeledSales : public Sales
{
private:
string label;
public:
class nbad_index : public Sales::bad_index
{
private:
string lbl;
public:
nbad_index(const string &lb, int ix, const string &s = "Index error in LabeledSales object\n");
const string &label_val() const { return lbl; }
virtual ~nbad_index() throw() {}
};
explicit LabeledSales(const string &lb = "none", int yy = 0);
LabeledSales(const string &lb, int yy, const double *gr, int n);
virtual ~LabeledSales() {}
const string &Label() const { return label; }
virtual double operator[](int i) const;
virtual double &operator[](int i);
};
sales.cpp:
#include "sales.h"
Sales::bad_index::bad_index(int ix, const string &s) : std::logic_error(s)
{
bi = ix;
}
Sales::Sales(int yy) : year(yy)
{
for (int i = 0; i < MONTHS; i++)
gross[i] = 0;
}
Sales::Sales(int yy, const double *gr, int n) : year(yy)
{
int i;
int lim = (n < MONTHS) ? n : MONTHS;
for (i = 0; i < lim; i++)
gross[i] = gr[i];
for (; i < MONTHS; i++)
gross[i] = 0;
}
double Sales::operator[](int i) const
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw bad_index(i);
return gross[i];
}
double &Sales::operator[](int i)
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw bad_index(i);
return gross[i];
}
LabeledSales::nbad_index::nbad_index(const string &lb, int ix, const string &s) : Sales::bad_index(ix, s)
{
lbl = lb;
}
LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string &lb, int yy) : Sales(yy)
{
label = lb;
}
LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string &lb, int yy, const double *gr, int n) : Sales(yy, gr, n)
{
label = lb;
}
double LabeledSales::operator[](int i) const
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
return Sales::operator[](i);
}
double &LabeledSales::operator[](int i)
{
if (i < 0 || i >= MONTHS)
throw nbad_index(Label(), i);
return Sales::operator[](i);
}
use_sales.cpp:
// use_sales.cpp -- nested exceptions
#include <iostream>
#include "sales.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
double vals1[12] = {1220, 1100, 1122, 2212, 1232, 2334, 2884, 2393, 3302, 2922, 3002, 3544};
double vals2[12] = {12, 11, 22, 21, 32, 34, 28, 29, 33, 29, 32, 35};
Sales sales1(2011, vals1, 12);
LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar", 2012, vals2, 12);
LabeledSales::nbad_index *nb;
Sales::bad_index *b;
cout << "First try block:\n";
try
{
int i;
cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl;
for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
{
cout << sales1[i] << ' ';
if (i % 6 == 5)
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl;
cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl;
for (i = 0; i <= 12; ++i)
{
cout << sales2[i] << ' ';
if (i % 6 == 5)
cout << endl;
}
cout << "End of try block 1.\n";
}
catch (logic_error &bad)
{
cout << bad.what();
if (nb = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))
{
cout << "Company: " << nb->label_val() << endl;
cout << "bad index: " << nb->bi_val() << endl;
}
else if (b = dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))
cout << "bad index: " << b->bi_val() << endl;
}
cout << "\nNext try block:\n";
try
{
sales2[2] = 37.5;
sales1[20] = 23345;
cout << "End of try block 2.\n";
}
catch (logic_error &bad)
{
cout << bad.what();
if (nb = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad))
{
cout << "Company: " << nb->label_val() << endl;
cout << "bad index: " << nb->bi_val() << endl;
}
else if (b = dynamic_cast<Sales::bad_index *>(&bad))
cout << "bad index: " << b->bi_val() << endl;
}
cout << "done\n";
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果: