django 项目连接多个数据库

1. 修改项目的 settings 配置
   在 settings.py 中配置需要连接的多个数据库连接串
   DATABASES = {
   ‘default’: {
   ‘ENGINE’: ‘django.db.backends.mysql’,
   ‘NAME’: ‘app01’, # 使用数据库的名称
   ‘USER’: ‘root’, # 用户名
   ‘PASSWORD’: ‘123456’, # 密码
   ‘HOST’: ‘127.0.0.1’, # 地址
   ‘PORT’: ‘3306’ # 端口号
   },
   ‘ora1’: { # 配置第二个数据库节点名称
   ‘ENGINE’: ‘django.db.backends.mysql’,
   ‘NAME’: ‘app02’,
   ‘USER’: ‘root’,
   ‘PASSWORD’: ‘123456’,
   ‘HOST’: ‘127.0.0.1’,
   ‘PORT’: ‘3306’,
   },
   }

2. 设置数据库的路由规则方法
   在 settings.py 中配置 DATABASE_ROUTERS

DATABASE_ROUTERS = [‘Online_summary_sheet.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter’]
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3.设置APP对应的数据库路由表
每个APP要连接哪个数据库，需要在做匹配设置，在 settings.py 文件中做如下配置：
DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {
# example:
# ‘app_name’:‘database_name’,
‘app01’: ‘default’,
‘app02’: ‘ora1’,
}
4. 创建数据库路由规则
在项目工程根路径下(与 settings.py 文件一级）创建 database_router.py 文件:`from django.conf import settings
DATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING
class DatabaseAppsRouter(object):
def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
“”"“Point all read operations to the specific database.”""
if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]
return None

def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
    """Point all write operations to the specific database."""
    if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
        return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]
    return None

def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints):
    """Allow any relation between apps that use the same database."""
    db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label)
    db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label)
    if db_obj1 and db_obj2:
        if db_obj1 == db_obj2:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    return None

def allow_syncdb(self, db, model):
    """Make sure that apps only appear in the related database."""

    if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
        return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(model._meta.app_label) == db
    elif model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
        return False
    return None

def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model=None, **hints):
    """
    Make sure the auth app only appears in the 'auth_db'
    database.
    """
    if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
        return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db
    elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
        return False
    return None

5. Models创建样例
   在各自的 APP 中创建数据表的models时，必须要指定表的 app_label 名字，如果不指定则会创建到 default 中配置的数据库名下，
   如下：

app01/model:
class Users(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
passwd = models.CharField(max_length=100)

def __str__(self):
    return "app01 %s " % self.name

class Meta:
    app_label = "app01"

app02/model:

class Book(models.Model):
bookname = models.CharField(max_length=100)

def __str__(self):
    return "%s: %s" % (self.bookname)

class Meta:
    app_label = "app02"

class Cook(models.Model):
bookname = models.CharField(max_length=100)

def __str__(self):
    return "%s: %s" % (self.bookname)

class Meta:
    app_label = "app02"

class Dook(models.Model):
bookname = models.CharField(max_length=100)

def __str__(self):
    return "%s: %s" % (self.bookname)

class Meta:
    app_label = "app02"

6. 生成数据表
   在使用django的 migrate 创建生成表的时候，需要加上 –database 参数，如果不加则将 未 指定 app_label 的 APP的models中的表创建到default指定的数据库中,如:

python manage.py makemigrations
生成迁移文件
生成数据到默认数据库

python manage.py migrate
或者
生成数据到app02
python manage.py migrate --database=ora1