Python-11.1-文件和异常-练习

练习一：读取文件

• 写出自己喜欢的水果，其中每一行都以"My favorite fruit is:"打头
• 编写一个程序将其读取出来
  • 第一次打印时读取整个文件
  • 第二次打印时读取时遍历文件对象
  • 第三次打印时将各行存储在一个列表中，再在with代码快外打印它们

# 第一次打印
file_name = r'G:\qwh\favorite.txt'
with open(file_name) as file_object:
    contents = file_object.read()
    print(contents)

My favorite fruit is:apple
My favorite fruit is:pear
My favorite fruit is:banana

# 第二次打印
file_name = r'G:\qwh\favorite.txt'
with open(file_name) as file_object:
    for line in file_object:
        print(line.rstrip())

My favorite fruit is:apple
My favorite fruit is:pear
My favorite fruit is:banana

# 第三次打印
file_name = r'G:\qwh\favorite.txt'
with open(file_name) as file_object:
    lines = file_object.readlines()

p = ""
for line in lines:
    p += line
print(p)

My favorite fruit is:apple
My favorite fruit is:pear
My favorite fruit is:banana

练习二：使用方法replace()

• 将字符串中的特定单词都替换为另一个单词
• 将单词’favorite’替换成’best like’

# replace()
file_name = r'G:\qwh\favorite.txt'
with open(file_name) as file_object:
    lines = file_object.readlines()

p = ""
for line in lines:
    line = line.replace('favorite', 'best like')
    p += line
print(p)

My best like fruit is:apple
My best like fruit is:pear
My best like fruit is:banana

练习三：写入文件

• 编写一个程序，提示用户输入其名字或者登陆密码
• 用户做出相应后，将其名字写入到文件中

file_name = 'G:\qwh\login_name.txt'
a = ''
while True:
    name = input("Input your login name:")
    if name == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        a = a + name + '\n'
        continue

with open(file_name,'a') as file_object:
    file_object.write(a + '\n')

Input your login name:kevin
Input your login name:job
Input your login name:jack
Input your login name:quit

file_name = 'G:\qwh\login_name_passwd.txt'
name_passwd = ''
login_name_passwd = ''

while True:
    name = input("Input your login name:")
    
    if name == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        passwd = input("Input your login passwd:")
        print()
        name_passwd = name + "    " + passwd
        login_name_passwd = login_name_passwd + name_passwd + '\n'
        continue

with open(file_name,'a') as file_object:
    file_object.write(login_name_passwd + '\n')

Input your login name:jack
Input your login passwd:123456

Input your login name:kevin
Input your login passwd:98764

Input your login name:job
Input your login passwd:741258

Input your login name:quit

练习四：异常处理

• 编写一个程序，提示用户输入两个数字，再将它们相加并打印结果
• 在用户输入的任何一个值不是数字时都捕获ValueError异常，并打印一条友好的错误信息
• 利用while循环，让用户犯错(输入的是文本而不是数字)后能够继续输入数字

print("Give me two number, and I'll add them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit.\n")

while True:
    first_number = input("Enter first number:")
    if first_number == 'q':
        break
    second_number = input("Enter second number:")
    
    try:
        first_number = int(first_number)
        second_number = int(second_number)
    except ValueError:
        print("Please enter the correct number.\n")
    else:
        new_number = int(first_number) + int(second_number)
        print(new_number)
        print('\n')

Give me two number, and I’ll add them.
Enter ‘q’ to quit.

Enter first number:6
Enter second number:5555
5561

Enter first number:l
Enter second number:1
Please enter the correct number.

Enter first number:77
Enter second number:11
88

Enter first number:q

练习五：使用文件的内容

• 编写一个程序，尝试读取文件，并将其打印到屏幕上
• 将这些代码放在一个try-except代码块中，以便在文件不存在时捕获 FileNotFoundError 错误，并打印一条友好的消息

# version1.0
def read_file(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as file_object:
            contents = file_object.read()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Sorry, the file " + filename + " does not exist.\n")
    else:
        print(filename + " : ")
        print("\t" + contents)

filenames = [r"G:\qwh\tuy.txt", r"G:\qwh\programming.txt"]

for filename in filenames:
    read_file(filename)

Sorry, the file G:\qwh\tuy.txt does not exist.

G:\qwh\programming.txt :
  jack
job
kevin

# version2.0
def read_file(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename) as file_object:
            lines = file_object.readlines()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Sorry, the file " + filename + " does not exist.\n")
    else:
        print(filename + " :")
        for line in lines:
            print("\t" + line.strip())
        
filenames = [r"G:\qwh\tuy.txt", r"G:\qwh\programming.txt"]

for filename in filenames:
    read_file(filename)

Sorry, the file G:\qwh\tuy.txt does not exist.

G:\qwh\programming.txt :
   jack
   job
   kevin

def read_file(filename):
    """阅读文件"""
    try:
        with open(filename) as file_object:
            lines = file_object.readlines()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Sorry, the file " + filename + " does not exist.\n")
    else:
        num = 0
        for line in lines:
            num = num + line.count('job')
        print(num)
            
# filename = [r"G:\qwh\programming.txt"]
filename = r"G:\qwh\programming.txt"
read_file(filename)

1

练习六：使用方法cout()

• 编写一个程序，读取文件
• 并计算’fruit’在文件中出现了多少次

def read_file(filename):
    """读取文本文件"""
    try:
        with open(filename) as file_object:
            lines = file_object.readlines()
    except:
        print("Sorry, the file " + filename + " does not exist.\n")
        pass
    else:
        num = 0
        for line in lines:
            num = num + line.lower().count('fruit')
        print(filename)
        print(num)
    print()

filenames = [r"G:\qwh\favorite.txt", r"G:\qwh\lop.txt", r"G:\qwh\fruit.txt"]
for filename in filenames:
    read_file(filename.strip())

G:\qwh\favorite.txt
84

Sorry, the file G:\qwh\lop.txt does not exist.

G:\qwh\fruit.txt
6

def read_file(filename):
    """读取文本文件"""
    try:
        with open(filename) as file_object:
            lines = file_object.readlines()
    except:
        pass
    else:
        num = 0
        for line in lines:
            num += line.lower().count('fruit')
        print(filename)
        print(num)
        num = str(num)
        add_file = "G:\\qwh\\addfile.txt"
        with open(add_file, 'a') as addfile:
            addfile.write(num + '\n')
        
filenames = [r"G:\qwh\favorite.txt", r"G:\qwh\lop.txt", r"G:\qwh\fruit.txt"]
for filename in filenames:
    read_file(filename.strip())

add_file = "G:\\qwh\\addfile.txt"
with open(add_file) as add:
    lines = add.readlines()

adds = 0
for line in lines:
    adds += int(line)
print("\nThe numbers of documents:")
print(adds)

G:\qwh\favorite.txt
84
G:\qwh\fruit.txt
6

The numbers of documents:
90

练习七：存储数据

• 编写一个程序
• 如果存储了用户喜欢的数字，就使用json.load()从文件读取这个值，并打印消息"I know your favorite number is {}"
• 否则提示用户输入他喜欢的数字，并使用json.dump()将其存储到文件中

# version1.0
import json

filename = r"G:\qwh\favorite_number.json"

try:
    with open(filename) as file_obj:
        number = json.load(file_obj)
except FileNotFoundError:
    number = input("What is your favorite number?")
    with open(filename, 'w') as file_obj:
        json.dump(number, file_obj)
        print("The number you enter is {}.".format(str(number)))
else:
    print("I know your favorite number is {}".format(str(number)))

I know your favorite number is 1006

# version2.0
import json

filename = r"G:\qwh\favorite_number.json"

def read_number():
    """如果储存了数字，就读取"""
    
    try:
        with open(filename) as file_obj:
            number = json.load(file_obj)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None
    else:
        return number
    
def enter_number():
    """提示用户输入数字"""
    
    number = input("What is you favorite number?")
    with open(filename, 'w') as file_obj:
        json.dump(number, file_obj)
    return number
    
def greet_number():
    
    # 如果存储了数字，则打印出来
    # 否则提示用户输入数字
    number = read_number()
    if number:
        print("I know your favorite number is {}".format(str(number)))
    
    else:
        number = enter_number()
        print("The number you enter is {}".format(str(number)))
    
greet_number()

I know your favorite number is 6

# version3.0
import json

filename = r"G:\qwh\new_favorite_number.json"

try:
    with open(filename) as file_obj:
        numbers = file_obj.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
    while True:
        number = input("What is your favorite number?")
        if number == 'q':
            break
        else:
            with open(filename, 'a') as file_obj:
                file_obj.write(number + '\n')
                print('\n')
else:
    a = ""
    for number in numbers:
        a += number
    print(a.strip())

558
554
559

练习八：验证用户

• 对于 username.json 假设用户要么已输入其用户名，要么是首次运行该程序
• 当前和最后一次运行该程序的用户并非是同一个人
• 为此，在greet_user()中打印欢迎用户回来的消息前，先询问他用户名是否是对的
• 如果不对，就调用 get_new_username() 让用户输入正确的用户名

# version3.0
import json

def get_stored_username():
    
    """如果存储了用户名，就获取它""" 
    filename = r"G:\qwh\username.json"
    
    try:
        with open(filename) as f_obj:
            username = json.load(f_obj)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None
    else:
        return username
    
def greet_new_username():

    """提示用户输入名字"""
    username = input("What is your name?")
    
    filename = r"G:\qwh\username.json"
    with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:
        json.dump(username, f_obj)
    return username

def greet_user():
    """问候用户，并指出其名字"""
    username = get_stored_username()
    name = input("What is you name?")
    # 询问是否为同一人
    if username == name:
        print("Welcome back, " + username.title() + ".")
    else:
        username = greet_new_username()
        print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username.title() + ".")
        
greet_user()

What is you name?jack
Welcome back, Jack.