Matlab编程 入门(三)

         Matlab(三)

一.基本数学运算

1.矩阵的代数运算

前提:A为n X m矩阵(n =m时A为方阵)

(1).矩阵转置(若元素有复数时进行Hermit转置)：

命令: B = A’ 或 B = A.’

Trial>> A = [1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9]

A =

     1     2     3

     4     5     6

     7     8     9

Trial>> B = A'

B =

     1     4     7

     2     5     8

     3     6     9

(2)加减法运算

若A和B维数相同,则相应元素进行相加减,否则会产生错误提示信息

Trial>> C = A + B

C =

     2     6    10

     6    10    14

    10    14    18

(3)矩阵乘法

若A的列(行)和B行(列)是相同的,则称矩阵A和B是可乘的或A与B矩阵维数是相容的,则这样的矩阵能够

C = A *B否则报错

Trial>> A = [1,2,3;4,5,6];

Trial>> B = [7,8;9,0;10,11];

Trial>> C = A * B

C =

    55    41

   133    98

(4)矩阵的左除

MATLAB里’\’表示左除 A\B表示AX = B解X,若A为非奇异方阵即([A] != 0)

X = A^(-1)B

如果A矩阵不是方阵,将采用最小二乘解法求出矩阵X

Trial>> A = [1,2;3,4];

Trial>> B = [5,6;7,8];

Trial>> C = B \ A

C =

    5.0000    4.0000

   -4.0000   -3.0000

//最小二乘法求解

Trial>> D = [1,2,3;4,5,6];

Trial>> E = [6,5,4;3,2,1];

Trial>> F = E \ D

F =

    2.5000    3.0000    3.5000

         0         0         0

   -3.5000   -4.0000   -4.5000

(5)矩阵的右除

B / A: ‘/’表示矩阵的右除XA = B解X

B/A = (A’\B’)

Trial>> A = [1,2;3,4];

Trial>> B = [5,6;7,8];

Trial>> C = B/A

C =

   -1.0000    2.0000

   -2.0000    3.0000

Trial>> D = A'\B'

D =

   -1.0000   -2.0000

2.0000    3.0000

(6)矩阵翻转

B = fliplr(A) 将矩阵A左右翻转赋B

B = flipud(A)将矩阵A上下翻转赋给B

B = rot90(A) 将矩阵A逆时针转90度赋给B

Trial>> A = [1,2,3;4,5,6];

Trial>> B = fliplr(A)

B =

     3     2     1

     6     5     4

Trial>> C = flipud(B)

C =

     6     5     4

     3     2     1

Trial>> D = rot90(C)

D =

     4     1

     5     2

     6     3

(7)矩阵乘方运算

在MATLAB统一表示为：F = A ^ x

A矩阵必须为方阵

(8)点运算

两个矩阵的点运算是对应元素之间的直接运算

当x是向量时[x^5]不能写成x^5,应该写成x.^5

Trial>> A = [1,2;3,4];

Trial>> B = A.^A

B =

     1     4

27   256

2.矩阵的比较运算

(1)find()

Trial>> A = [1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9];

Trial>> B = find(A>=5)

B =

     3

     5

     6

     8

     9

该函数作用是将矩阵A按列构成列向量并返回条件的数组下标

Trial>> C = find(isnan(A))

C =

  空的 0×1 double列矢量

返回数组里值为NaN的下标

Trial>> [m,n] = find(A>=5)

m =

     3

     2

     3

     2

     3

n =

     1

     2

     2

     3

     3

[m,n] = find(A>=5)

返回矩阵里满足条件行和列的坐标

另外还有any(A>=5) all(A>=5)