异常处理

1. try-except 语句 

try:
    f = open('test.txt')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except OSError as error:
    print('打开文件出错\n原因是：' + str(error))

# 打开文件出错
# 原因是：[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'test.txt'

try:
    f = open('test.txt')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except OSError:
    print('打开文件出错')

2.try - except - finally 语句

finally--无论如何都会被执行的代码

def divide(x, y):
    try:
        result = x / y
        print("result is", result)
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print("division by zero!")
    finally:
        print("executing finally clause")


divide(2, 1)
# result is 2.0
# executing finally clause
divide(2, 0)
# division by zero!
# executing finally clause
divide("2", "1")
# executing finally clause
# TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'

3. try-except - else 语句

else--如果没有异常执行这块代码（一定要跟着except）

try:
    fh = open("testfile", "w")
    fh.write("这是一个测试文件，用于测试异常!!")
except IOError:
    print("Error: 没有找到文件或读取文件失败")
else:
    print("内容写入文件成功")
    fh.close()

4. raise语句

try:
    raise NameError('HiThere')
except NameError:
    print('An exception flew by!')
    
# An exception flew by!