回溯法解迷宫问题的两个解法

解法1： 

/**/ /*
    使用回溯法计算迷宫问题
 */
#include  < stdio.h >
#include  < stdlib.h >
struct pos ... {
    int row;
    int col;
} ;
void  main() ... {
    int maze[5][5]=...{
        0,1,0,1,0,
        0,0,0,1,0,
        0,1,0,1,0,
        0,1,0,0,0,
        0,0,1,1,0
    };                //1表示障碍，0表示可以通过
    int dir=1;        //标记方向：上1左2下3右4
    int i=0;
    int j=0;
    struct pos* stack=(struct pos*)calloc(25,sizeof(struct pos));
    int top=0;
    while(true)...{
        if(i==4&&j==4)...{                                //已经找到终点，打印结果
            printf("Finish! The path is: ");
            for(dir=0;dir<top;dir++)...{
                printf("(");
                printf("%d",stack[dir].row);
                printf(",");
                printf("%d",stack[dir].col);
                printf(") ");
            }
            printf("(4,4)");
            break;
        }
        if(dir==1)...{
            if( i>0&&*(*(maze+i-1)+j)==0            //下一个位置不越界而且可以通过
                &&!(stack[top-1].row==i-1&&stack[top-1].col==j) )...{
                                                    //还需满足：这个将要走的位置不属于刚才走来的路！
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                top++;                                //进栈
                i--;
                dir=1;                                //重置方向标识
            }else...{
                dir++;
            }
        }
        else if(dir==2)...{
            if( j>0&&*(*(maze+i)+j-1)==0
                &&!(stack[top-1].row==i&&stack[top-1].col==j-1) )...{
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                top++;
                j--;
                dir=1;
            }else...{
                dir++;
            }
        }
        else if(dir==3)...{
            if( i<4&&*(*(maze+i+1)+j)==0
                &&!(stack[top-1].row==i+1&&stack[top-1].col==j) )...{
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                top++;
                i++;
                dir=2;
            }else...{
                dir++;
            }
        }
        else...{
            if( j<4&&*(*(maze+i)+j+1)==0
                &&!(stack[top-1].row==i&&stack[top-1].col==j+1) )...{
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                top++;
                j++;
                dir=1;
            }else...{                                        //已经没有别的路了，只有回头
                *(*(maze+i)+j)=1;                        //在回头前标识当前路为不能通过
                i=stack[top-1].row;
                j=stack[top-1].col;
                top--;                                    //出栈
                dir=1;                                    //重置方向标识符
            }
        }
    }
}

 

---

解法2： 

 

/**/ /*
    使用回溯法计算迷宫问题
 */
#include  < stdio.h >
#include  < stdlib.h >
struct pos ... {
    int row;
    int col;
    int direction[5];    //标记方向direction[1~4] 上左下右
} ;
void  main() ... {
    int maze[5][5]=...{
        0,1,0,1,0,
        0,0,0,1,0,
        0,1,0,1,0,
        0,1,0,0,0,
        0,0,1,1,0
    };                //1表示障碍，0表示可以通过
    int direction[5]=...{0};
    int dir=1;        //作为direction数组的下标
    int i=0;
    int j=0;
    int count=0;
    struct pos* stack=(struct pos*)calloc(25,sizeof(struct pos));    //栈，存放路径
    int top=0;

    //将栈内元素全部初始化
    for(count=0;count<25;count++)...{
        stack[count].col=0;
        stack[count].row=0;
        for(int t=0;t<=4;t++)
            stack[count].direction[t]=0;
    }

    while(true)...{
        if(i==1&&j==2)...{
            int t=1;
        };
        if(i==4&&j==4)...{                        //已经找到终点，打印结果
            printf("Finish! The path is: ");
            for(count=0;count<top;count++)...{
                printf("(");
                printf("%d",stack[count].row);
                printf(",");
                printf("%d",stack[count].col);
                printf(") ");
            }
            printf("(4,4)");
            break;
        }
        if( direction[1]==0
            && i>0
            && *(*(maze+i-1)+j)==0 )...{        //上方向的下一个位置不越界而且可以通过
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                direction[1]=1;
                for(count=1;count<=4;count++)...{
                    stack[top].direction[count]=direction[count];
                    direction[count]=0;        //使下一个位置方向状态初始化
                }
                direction[3]=1;                //更新下一个位置：使朝向原位置的方向标识置1
                top++;                        //进栈
                direction[3]=1;
                i--;
        }
        else if( direction[2]==0
                 && j>0
                 && *(*(maze+i)+j-1)==0 )...{    //左方向的下一个位置不越界而且可以通过
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                direction[2]=1;
                for(count=1;count<=4;count++)...{
                    stack[top].direction[count]=direction[count];
                    direction[count]=0;        //使下一个位置方向状态初始化
                }
                direction[4]=1;                //更新下一个位置：使朝向原位置的方向标识置1
                top++;                        //进栈
                j--;
        }
        else if( direction[3]==0
                 && i<4
                 && *(*(maze+i+1)+j)==0 )...{    //下方向的下一个位置不越界而且可以通过
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                direction[3]=1;
                for(count=1;count<=4;count++)...{
                    stack[top].direction[count]=direction[count];
                    direction[count]=0;        //使下一个位置方向状态初始化
                }
                direction[1]=1;                //更新下一个位置：使朝向原位置的方向标识置1
                top++;                        //进栈
                i++;
        }
        else if( direction[4]==0
                 && j<4
                 && *(*(maze+i)+j+1)==0 )...{    //右方向的下一个位置不越界而且可以通过
                stack[top].row=i;
                stack[top].col=j;
                direction[4]=1;
                for(count=1;count<=4;count++)...{
                    stack[top].direction[count]=direction[count];
                    direction[count]=0;        //使下一个位置方向状态初始化
                }
                direction[2]=1;                //更新下一个位置：使朝向原位置的方向标识置1
                top++;                        //进栈
                j++;
        }else...{                                //已经没有别的路了，只有回头
            if(top==0)...{
                printf("No path!");
                break;
            }
                *(*(maze+i)+j)=1;            //在回头前标识当前路为不能通过
                top--;                        //出栈
                i=stack[top].row;
                j=stack[top].col;
                for(count=1;count<=4;count++)
                    direction[count]=stack[top].direction[count];
        }
        //printf("(%d,%d) ",i,j);
    }//while
}