组合模式(Composite Pattern),又叫部分整体模式,是用于把一组相似的对象当作一个单一的对象。组合模式依据树形结构来组合对象,用来表示部分以及整体层次。
组合模式包含以下主要角色。
- 抽象构件(Component)角色:它的主要作用是为树叶构件和树枝构件声明公共接口,并实现它们的默认行为。在透明式的组合模式中抽象构件还声明访问和管理子类的接口;在安全式的组合模式中不声明访问和管理子类的接口,管理工作由树枝构件完成。
- 树叶构件(Leaf)角色:是组合中的叶节点对象,它没有子节点,用于实现抽象构件角色中 声明的公共接口。
- 树枝构件(Composite)角色:是组合中的分支节点对象,它有子节点。它实现了抽象构件角色中声明的接口,它的主要作用是存储和管理子部件,通常包含 Add()、Remove()、GetChild() 等方法。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Company
{
protected:
string m_strName;
public:
Company(string strName)
{
m_strName = strName;
}
virtual void Add(Company* c) = 0;
virtual void Display(int nDepth) = 0;
virtual void LineOfDuty() = 0;
};
class ConcreteCompany : public Company
{
private:
vector<Company*> m_company;
public:
ConcreteCompany(string strName) :Company(strName) {}
virtual void Add(Company* c)
{
m_company.push_back(c);
}
virtual void Display(int nDepth)
{
string strtemp;
for (int i = 0; i < nDepth; i++)
{
strtemp += "-";
}
strtemp += m_strName;
cout << strtemp << endl;
vector<Company*>::iterator p = m_company.begin();
while (p != m_company.end())
{
(*p)->Display(nDepth + 2);
p++;
}
}
virtual void LineOfDuty()
{
vector<Company*>::iterator p = m_company.begin();
while (p != m_company.end())
{
(*p)->LineOfDuty();
p++;
}
}
};
class HrDepartment : public Company
{
public:
HrDepartment(string strname) : Company(strname) {}
virtual void Display(int nDepth)
{
string strtemp;
for (int i = 0; i < nDepth; i++)
{
strtemp += "-";
}
strtemp += m_strName;
cout << strtemp << endl;
}
virtual void Add(Company* c)
{
cout << "error" << endl;
}
virtual void LineOfDuty()
{
cout << m_strName << ":招聘人才" << endl;
}
};
//客户端:
int main()
{
ConcreteCompany *pSchool = new ConcreteCompany("清华大学");
ConcreteCompany *pApartmentMath = new ConcreteCompany("数学系");
pApartmentMath->Add(new HrDepartment("清华大学数学学习组"));
ConcreteCompany *pApartmentPhysics = new ConcreteCompany("物理系");
pApartmentPhysics->Add(new HrDepartment("清华大学物理学习组"));
ConcreteCompany *pApartmentComputer = new ConcreteCompany("计算机系");
pApartmentComputer->Add(new HrDepartment("清华大学计算机学习组"));
pSchool->Add(pApartmentMath);
pSchool->Add(pApartmentPhysics);
pSchool->Add(pApartmentComputer);
pSchool->Display(2);
pSchool->LineOfDuty();
cin.get();
return 0;
}