C++面向对象程序设计 第五周 继承与派生

一、Week5_020 全面的MyString

输入
无
输出

1. abcd-efgh-abcd-
2. abcd-
4. abcd-efgh-
5. efgh-
6. c
7. abcd-
8. ijAl-
9. ijAl-mnop
10. qrst-abcd-
11. abcd-qrst-abcd- uvw xyz
    about
    big
    me
    take
    abcd
    qrst-abcd-

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#pragma C1010
int strlen_(const char * s)
{
        int i = 0;
        for (; s[i]; ++i);// 真是简略，不把‘\0’算作一个字符
        return i;
}
void strcpy_(char * d, const char * s)
{
        int i = 0;
        for (i = 0; s[i]; ++i)
               d[i] = s[i];
        d[i] = 0;//结尾加上‘\0’

}
int strcmp_(const char * s1, const char * s2)  //前者大返回1，后者大返回-1
{
        for (int i = 0; s1[i] && s2[i]; ++i) { //两者都没到字符的结尾
               if (s1[i] < s2[i])
                       return -1;
               else if (s1[i] > s2[i])
                       return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}
void strcat_(char * d, const char * s)//剪切；
{
        int len = strlen_(d);
        strcpy_(d + len, s);
}
class MyString
{
        // 在此处补充你的代码
private:
        char *str;
        int size;//这个size我之前设置了，但是没有用
public:
        MyString() {
               str = new char[2];//确保分配的是数组，如果是NULL则无法用cout输出；
               str[0] = 0;//既然是字符串，里面起码要是个空串，不能让str==NULL
               size = 0;
        }
        MyString(const char *s) {
               //如果s==NULL,就让它出错吧
               size = strlen_(s);
               str = new char[size + 1];
               strcpy_(str, s);
        }
        MyString & operator= (const char *s) {
               //如果s==NULL,就让它出错吧
               int len = strlen_(s);
               if (size<len)     //动态数组分配节约思想啊
               {
                       delete [] str;
                       str = new char[len + 1];
               }
               strcpy_(str, s);
               size = len;
               return *this;//= 应该返回左边的值本身，实现（a=b)=c
        }
        void duplicate(const MyString &s) {//避免复制构造函数调用，用const防止更改；以前没用过。
               if (size<s.size)
               {
                       delete[] str;
                       str = new char[s.size + 1];
               }
               strcpy_(str, s.str);
               size = s.size;
        }
        MyString(const MyString &s) :size(0), str(new char[1]) {//复制构造函数也可以调用初始化列表，省去了判断s是否是空的步骤，机智！！
               duplicate(s);
        }
        MyString & operator =(const MyString &s) {//对象之间赋值
               if (str==s.str)
               {
                       return *this;
               }
               duplicate(s);//写成函数是个多么方便的实情呐！！
               return *this;
        }
        bool operator == (const MyString &s)const {//这里返回值是bool类型：ture、false.比直接回1和0要好很多
               return strcmp_(str, s.str) == 0;// 比我写的简略很多呐
        }
        bool operator<(const MyString &s)const {
               return strcmp_(str, s.str) < 0; //strcmp_ 返回值有-1、0、1；
        }
        bool operator >(const MyString &s)const {
               return strcmp_(str, s.str) > 0;
        }
        MyString operator +(const MyString &s) {
               char *tmp = new char[size + s.size + 2];//确保能分配一个数组；这里很重要，也就是这里体现出了size的重要性，确报两个数组连接不会越界。
               strcpy_(tmp, str);
               strcat_(tmp, s.str);
               MyString os(tmp);
               delete[] tmp;//注意释放内存
               return os;
        }
        MyString &operator +=(const MyString &s) {
               char *tmp = new char[size + s.size + 2];
               strcpy_(tmp, str);
               strcat_(tmp, s.str);
               size += s.size;
               delete[]str;//str 指向的内存空间的内容被删除
               str = tmp;//这里不删除tmp,是因为str接管了tmp所指向的空间内容，而函数结束后tmp指针就消亡
               return *this;
        }
        char & operator[](int i)const {
               return str[i];
         }
        MyString operator ()(int start, int len)const {//不调用非常量成员函数，不修改成员变量的值，那么将其写成常量成员函数是个好习惯
               char *tmp = new char[len + 1];
               for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
               {
                       tmp[i] = str[start + i];
               }
               tmp[len] = 0;
               MyString s(tmp);
               delete[]tmp;
               return s;
        }
        ~MyString() {
               delete [] str;
        }
        friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const MyString &s) {
               os << s.str;
               return os;
        }
        friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &os, char *s) {
               os << s;
               return os;
        }
        friend MyString operator +(const char *s1, const MyString & s2) {//在dev c++ 中，后面一个参数额const必须得写，不然会报错
               MyString tmp(s1);
               tmp += s2;
               return tmp;
        }//如果指针不乱放，内存好好管理，运行是很快的
        // 在此处补充你的代码
};
int CompareString(const void * e1, const void * e2)
{
        MyString * s1 = (MyString *)e1;
        MyString * s2 = (MyString *)e2;
        if (*s1 < *s2)
               return -1;
        else if (*s1 == *s2)
               return 0;
        else if (*s1 > *s2)
               return 1;
}
int main()
{
        MyString s1("abcd-"), s2, s3("efgh-"), s4(s1);
        MyString SArray[4] = { "big","me","about","take" };
        cout << "1. " << s1 << s2 << s3 << s4 << endl;
        
        s4 = s3;
        s3 = s1 + s3;
        cout << "2. " << s1 << endl;
        cout << "3. " << s2 << endl;
        cout << "4. " << s3 << endl;
        cout << "5. " << s4 << endl;
        cout << "6. " << s1[2] << endl;
        s2 = s1;
        s1 = "ijkl-";
        s1[2] = 'A';
        cout << "7. " << s2 << endl;
        cout << "8. " << s1 << endl;
        s1 += "mnop";
        cout << "9. " << s1 << endl;
        s4 = "qrst-" + s2;
        cout << "10. " << s4 << endl;
        s1 = s2 + s4 + " uvw " + "xyz";
        cout << "11. " << s1 << endl;
        qsort(SArray, 4, sizeof(MyString), CompareString);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
               cout << SArray[i] << endl;
        //s1的从下标0开始长度为4的子串
        cout << s1(0, 4) << endl;
        //s1的从下标5开始长度为10的子串
        cout << s1(5, 10) << endl;
        return 0;
}

二、Week5_021 继承自string的MyString

输入
无
输出

1. abcd-efgh-abcd-
2. abcd-
4. abcd-efgh-
5. efgh-
6. c
7. abcd-
8. ijAl-
9. ijAl-mnop
10. qrst-abcd-
11. abcd-qrst-abcd- uvw xyz
    about
    big
    me
    take
    abcd
    qrst-abcd-

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
class MyString :public string
{
        // 在此处补充你的代码
public:
        MyString() :string() { }
        MyString(const char *s) :string(s) {  }
        MyString(const string &s):string (s){}//复制构造函数这里很神奇，比较迷。。。。。。
        MyString operator()(int s, int l) {
               return substr(s, l);
        }       
        // 在此处补充你的代码
};


int main()
{
        MyString s1("abcd-"), s2, s3("efgh-"), s4(s1);
        MyString SArray[4] = { "big","me","about","take" };
        cout << "1. " << s1 << s2 << s3 << s4 << endl;
        s4 = s3;
        s3 = s1 + s3;  
        cout << "2. " << s1 << endl;
        cout << "3. " << s2 << endl;
        cout << "4. " << s3 << endl;
        cout << "5. " << s4 << endl;
        cout << "6. " << s1[2] << endl;
        s2 = s1;
        s1 = "ijkl-";
        s1[2] = 'A';
        cout << "7. " << s2 << endl;
        cout << "8. " << s1 << endl;
        s1 += "mnop";
        cout << "9. " << s1 << endl;
        s4 = "qrst-" + s2;
        cout << "10. " << s4 << endl;
        s1 = s2 + s4 + " uvw " + "xyz";
        cout << "11. " << s1 << endl;
        sort(SArray, SArray + 4);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
               cout << SArray[i] << endl;
        //s1的从下标0开始长度为4的子串
        cout << s1(0, 4) << endl;
        //s1的从下标5开始长度为10的子串
        cout << s1(5, 10) << endl;
        return 0;
}