8. String to Integer (atoi)

Reticent_Man

于 2019-06-13 21:52:30 发布

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题目描述

Implement atoi which converts a string to an integer.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned.

Note:

Only the space character ' ' is considered as whitespace character.
Assume we are dealing with an environment which could only store integers within the 32-bit signed integer range: [−231, 231 − 1]. If the numerical value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (231 − 1) or INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

样例

Example 1:

Input: "42"
Output: 42

Example 2:

Input: "   -42"
Output: -42
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is '-', which is the minus sign.
             Then take as many numerical digits as possible, which gets 42.

Example 3:

Input: "4193 with words"
Output: 4193
Explanation: Conversion stops at digit '3' as the next character is not a numerical digit.

Example 4:

Input: "words and 987"
Output: 0
Explanation: The first non-whitespace character is 'w', which is not a numerical 
             digit or a +/- sign. Therefore no valid conversion could be performed.

Example 5:

Input: "-91283472332"
Output: -2147483648
Explanation: The number "-91283472332" is out of the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
             Thefore INT_MIN (−231) is returned.

解析

这道题通过率很低，有很多限定和特殊样例，最后几组样例真是提交错一次改一下，再提交再错一次再改。。最后终于过了。

限定大致有：

开头可以有空格，正负号，数字范围整型（如果超出就用整型的上界或者下界表示）。

以下是几组特殊数据：

输入：2147483646

输出：2147483646

（按说没有超出范围，但是如果用int结果显示超时，不在int表示范围，很奇怪。然后我改成long long通过了）

输入：+-2

输出：0

（符号后面必须跟数字！）

输入： +0 123

输出：0

（数字中间不能有空格！）

以下是代码：

class Solution {
public:
    long long myAtoi(string str) {
        long long ans=0;
        int sig=1;
        int number=0; //记录是否出现数字
        for(int i=0;i<str.size();i++)
        {
            if(str[i]==' ') 
            {
                if(number==0) continue; //空格出现在数字之前
                else break;
            }
            if(str[i]=='+') 
            {
                if(i<str.size()-1&&str[i+1]>='0'&&str[i+1]<='9'&&number==0) continue;
                else break;
            }
            if(str[i]=='-') 
            {
                if(i<str.size()-1&&str[i+1]>='0'&&str[i+1]<='9'&&number==0)
                {
                sig=-1;
                continue;
                }
                else break;
            }
            if(str[i]<'0'||str[i]>'9') break;
            if(ans>2147483647 / 10 || (ans == 2147483647 / 10 && (str[i] - '0') >2147483647 % 10))    //在还没有加上当前数字之前判断是否会越界
            {
                if(sig==-1) return -2147483647-1; //如果直接写-2147483648可能会报错
                else return 2147483647;
            }
            number=1;
            ans=ans*10+str[i]-'0';
        }
        return ans*sig;
    }
};