Object Detection API 环境搭建
1、首先安装配置好TensorFlow，参考地址
2、下载TensorFlow模型源码，https://github.com/tensorflow/models
（注：最好不要在C盘下使用，可能存在各种权限问题）
3、通过pip安装：pillow, jupyter, matplotlib, lxml，如下：
pip install pillow 4、编译Protobuf，生产py文件。
需要先安装Google的protobuf，下载protoc-3.4.0-win32.zip
打开cmd窗口，cd到models/research/目录下(老版本没有research目录)，执行如下：
protoc object_detection/protos/*.proto --python_out=.将生成一堆python文件，如下图所示：
5、测试安装
python object_detection/builders/model_builder_test.py
坑： Windows下会出现找不到包的问题：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "object_detection/builders/model_builder_test.py", line 21, in <module>
from object_detection.builders import model_builder
ImportError: No module named 'object_detection'
官网上说要添加两个目录到环境变量，执行如下操作：
# From tensorflow/models/research/
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:`pwd`:`pwd`/slim然后并没有神马卵用，为了一劳永逸，我直接将整两个目录添加到python默认的搜索路径下就行了。
解决方法：在site-packages添加一个路径文件，如tensorflow_model.pth，必须以.pth为后缀，写上你要加入的模块文件所在的目录名称就是了，如下图：
===================以上就算把环境搭建完成了====================
开始训练自己的数据集
1、收集并标记自己的样本图片集
这里我使用的是labelImg，注释文件保存为xml格式，满足PASCAL VOC风格，为了方便，我的图片和注释文件是保存在同一个目录下的，如下所示：
2、将标记完的数据集转换为TFRecord格式的文件。参考
先看一下我的工程目录结构，在pycharm下测试的。
2.1 将注释的xml文件转换为csv格式，使用xml_to_csv.py，将生成train.csv训练集和eval.csv验证集，代码如下：
import os
import glob
import pandas as pd
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def xml_to_csv(path):
xml_list = []
# 读取注释文件
for xml_file in glob.glob(path + '/*.xml'):
tree = ET.parse(xml_file)
root = tree.getroot()
for member in root.findall('object'):
value = (root.find('filename').text + '.jpg',
int(root.find('size')[0].text),
int(root.find('size')[1].text),
member[0].text,
int(member[4][0].text),
int(member[4][1].text),
int(member[4][2].text),
int(member[4][3].text)
)
xml_list.append(value)
column_name = ['filename', 'width', 'height', 'class', 'xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax']
# 将所有数据分为样本集和验证集，一般按照3:1的比例
train_list = xml_list[0: int(len(xml_list) * 0.67)]
eval_list = xml_list[int(len(xml_list) * 0.67) + 1: ]
# 保存为CSV格式
train_df = pd.DataFrame(train_list, columns=column_name)
eval_df = pd.DataFrame(eval_list, columns=column_name)
train_df.to_csv('data/train.csv', index=None)
eval_df.to_csv('data/eval.csv', index=None)
def main():
path = 'E:\\\data\\\Images'
xml_to_csv(path)
print('Successfully converted xml to csv.')
main()
2.2 生成TFRecord文件
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import absolute_import
import os
import io
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
from object_detection.utils import dataset_util
from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
flags = tf.app.flags
flags.DEFINE_string('csv_input', '', 'Path to the CSV input')
flags.DEFINE_string('output_path', '', 'Path to output TFRecord')
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
# 将分类名称转成ID号
def class_text_to_int(row_label):
if row_label == 'syjxh':
return 1
elif row_label == 'dnb':
return 2
elif row_label == 'cjzd':
return 3
elif row_label == 'fy':
return 4
elif row_label == 'ecth' or row_label == 'etch': # 妈的，标记写错了，这里简单处理一下
return 5
elif row_label == 'lp':
return 6
else:
print('NONE: ' + row_label)
None
def split(df, group):
data = namedtuple('data', ['filename', 'object'])
gb = df.groupby(group)
return [data(filename, gb.get_group(x)) for filename, x in zip(gb.groups.keys(), gb.groups)]
def create_tf_example(group, path):
print(os.path.join(path, '{}'.format(group.filename)))
with tf.gfile.GFile(os.path.join(path, '{}'.format(group.filename)), 'rb') as fid:
encoded_jpg = fid.read()
encoded_jpg_io = io.BytesIO(encoded_jpg)
image = Image.open(encoded_jpg_io)
width, height = image.size
filename = (group.filename + '.jpg').encode('utf8')
image_format = b'jpg'
xmins = []
xmaxs = []
ymins = []
ymaxs = []
classes_text = []
classes = []
for index, row in group.object.iterrows():
xmins.append(row['xmin'] / width)
xmaxs.append(row['xmax'] / width)
ymins.append(row['ymin'] / height)
ymaxs.append(row['ymax'] / height)
classes_text.append(row['class'].encode('utf8'))
classes.append(class_text_to_int(row['class']))
tf_example = tf.train.Example(features=tf.train.Features(feature={
'image/height': dataset_util.int64_feature(height),
'image/width': dataset_util.int64_feature(width),
'image/filename': dataset_util.bytes_feature(filename),
'image/source_id': dataset_util.bytes_feature(filename),
'image/encoded': dataset_util.bytes_feature(encoded_jpg),
'image/format': dataset_util.bytes_feature(image_format),
'image/object/bbox/xmin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmins),
'image/object/bbox/xmax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmaxs),
'image/object/bbox/ymin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymins),
'image/object/bbox/ymax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymaxs),
'image/object/class/text': dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(classes_text),
'image/object/class/label': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(classes),
}))
return tf_example
def main(csv_input, output_path, imgPath):
writer = tf.python_io.TFRecordWriter(output_path)
path = imgPath
examples = pd.read_csv(csv_input)
grouped = split(examples, 'filename')
for group in grouped:
tf_example = create_tf_example(group, path)
writer.write(tf_example.SerializeToString())
writer.close()
print('Successfully created the TFRecords: {}'.format(output_path))
if __name__ == '__main__':
imgPath = 'E:\data\Images'
# 生成train.record文件
output_path = 'data/train.record'
csv_input = 'data/train.csv'
main(csv_input, output_path, imgPath)
# 生成验证文件 eval.record
output_path = 'data/eval.record'
csv_input = 'data/eval.csv'
main(csv_input, output_path, imgPath)3、开始训练
3.1 创建标签分类的配置文件(label_map.pbtxt)，
item {
id: 1 # id从1开始编号
name: 'syjxh'
}
item {
id: 2
name: 'dnb'
}
item {
id: 3
name: 'cjzd'
}
item {
id: 4
name: 'fy'
}
item {
id: 5
name: 'ecth'
}
item {
id: 6
name: 'lp'
}3.2配置管道配置文件
找到\object_detection\samples\configs\ssd_inception_v2_pets.config文件，复制到test\data文件夹下，修改一下几处：
# ====修改 1=====
num_classes:6 # 根据你的目标分类来，我这里一共标记了6种对象
# ====修改 2=====
# 因为我们是重新训练模型，所以这里注释掉模型检测点，并将from_detection_checkpoint该为false
# fine_tune_checkpoint: "PATH_TO_BE_CONFIGURED/model.ckpt"
from_detection_checkpoint: false
num_steps: 200000 # 训练次数
# ====修改 3=====
train_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
# 训练样本路径
input_path: "F:/TensorFlow/models/test/data/train.record"
}
# 标签分类配置文件路径
label_map_path: "F:/TensorFlow/models/test/label_map.pbtxt"
}
# ====修改 4=====
eval_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
# 验证样本路径
input_path: "F:/TensorFlow/models/test/data/eval.record"
}
# 标签分类配置文件路径
label_map_path: "F:/TensorFlow/models/test/label_map.pbtxt"
shuffle: false
num_readers: 1
}3.3 开始训练啦……
直接使用object_detection\train.py文件进行训练即可，参数如下：
--logtostderr
--pipeline_config_path=F:/TensorFlow/models/test/data/ssd_inception_v2_pets.config
--train_dir=F:/TensorFlow/models/test/training配置好参数后，直接run起来，接下来就是漫长的等待，我的电脑配置低，运行一次需要好几天，训练过程中可以使用eval.py文件进行验证，这里就不演示了。
3.4 导出训练结果
训练过程中将在training目录下生成一堆model.ckpt-*的文件，选择一个模型，使用export_inference_graph.py导出pb文件。
参数如下：
--input_type image_tensor
--pipeline_config_path F:/TensorFlow/models/test/data/ssd_inception_v2_pets.config
--checkpoint_path F:/TensorFlow/models/test/training/model.ckpt-19
--inference_graph_path F:/TensorFlow/models/test/data/frozen_inference_graph.pb最终将生成frozen_inference_graph.pb文件。
4、测试识别效果
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import cv2
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from object_detection.utils import label_map_util
from object_detection.utils import visualization_utils as vis_util
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
class TOD(object):
def __init__(self):
# Path to frozen detection graph. This is the actual model that is used for the object detection.
self.PATH_TO_CKPT = 'data/frozen_inference_graph.pb'
# List of the strings that is used to add correct label for each box.
self.PATH_TO_LABELS = 'data/label_map.pbtxt'
# 分类数量
self.NUM_CLASSES = 6
self.detection_graph = self._load_model()
self.category_index = self._load_label_map()
def _load_model(self):
detection_graph = tf.Graph()
with detection_graph.as_default():
od_graph_def = tf.GraphDef()
with tf.gfile.GFile(self.PATH_TO_CKPT, 'rb') as fid:
serialized_graph = fid.read()
od_graph_def.ParseFromString(serialized_graph)
tf.import_graph_def(od_graph_def, name='')
return detection_graph
def _load_label_map(self):
label_map = label_map_util.load_labelmap(self.PATH_TO_LABELS)
categories = label_map_util.convert_label_map_to_categories(label_map, max_num_classes=self.NUM_CLASSES, use_display_name=True)
category_index = label_map_util.create_category_index(categories)
return category_index
def detect(self, image):
with self.detection_graph.as_default():
with tf.Session(graph=self.detection_graph) as sess:
# Expand dimensions since the model expects images to have shape: [1, None, None, 3]
image_np_expanded = np.expand_dims(image, axis=0)
image_tensor = self.detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('image_tensor:0')
# Each box represents a part of the image where a particular object was detected.
boxes = self.detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('detection_boxes:0')
# Each score represent how level of confidence for each of the objects.
# Score is shown on the result image, together with the class label.
scores = self.detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('detection_scores:0')
classes = self.detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('detection_classes:0')
num_detections = self.detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('num_detections:0')
# Actual detection.
(boxes, scores, classes, num_detections) = sess.run(
[boxes, scores, classes, num_detections],
feed_dict={image_tensor: image_np_expanded})
# Visualization of the results of a detection.
vis_util.visualize_boxes_and_labels_on_image_array(
image,
np.squeeze(boxes),
np.squeeze(classes).astype(np.int32),
np.squeeze(scores),
self.category_index,
use_normalized_coordinates=True,
line_thickness=8)
plt.imshow(image)
plt.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
detecotr = TOD()
img_path = 'E:/data/Images'
for i in os.listdir(img_path):
if i.endswith('.jpg'):
path = os.path.join(img_path, i)
image = cv2.imread(path)
detecotr.detect(image)
训练时间太长、电脑卡起了，就不上图了~~~
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