Spring系列（四）-Spring依赖注入

Spring框架的核心功能之一就是通过依赖注入的方式来管理Bean之间的依赖关系。

依赖注入

特点：增加类重用的可能性
假设你有一个包含文本编辑器组件的应用程序，并且你想要提供拼写检查。标准代码看起来是这样的：

public class TextEditor {
   private SpellChecker spellChecker;  
   public TextEditor() {
      spellChecker = new SpellChecker();
   }
}

在这里我们所做的就是创建一个 TextEditor 和 SpellChecker 之间的依赖关系。而在控制反转IoC的场景中，我们会这样做：

public class TextEditor {
   private SpellChecker spellChecker;
   public TextEditor(SpellChecker spellChecker) {
      this.spellChecker = spellChecker;
   }
}

在这里，TextEditor 不应该担心 SpellChecker 的实现。SpellChecker 将会独立实现，并且在 TextEditor 实例化的时候将提供给 TextEditor，整个过程是由 Spring 框架的控制。

基于构造函数的依赖注入

例：

构造User类

public class User {
    private Integer uid;
    private String username;
    private Integer age;
    public User(Integer uid,String username){
        super();
        this.uid = uid;
        this.username = username;
        System.out.println("uid:"+uid+",usernaem:"+username);
    }
    public User(String username,Integer age){
        super();
        this.username = username;
        this.age = age;
        System.out.println("username:"+username+",age:"+age);
    }
}

spring-config.xml 配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 构造方法注入
		* <constructor-arg> 用于配置构造方法一个参数argument
			name ：参数的名称
			value：设置普通数据
			ref：引用数据，一般是另一个bean id值

			index ：参数的索引号，从0开始 。如果只有索引，匹配到了多个构造方法时，默认使用第一个。
			type ：确定参数类型
		例如：使用名称name
			<constructor-arg name="username" value="jack"></constructor-arg>
			<constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
		例如2：【类型type 和  索引 index】
			<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="1"></constructor-arg>
			<constructor-arg index="1" type="java.lang.Integer" value="2"></constructor-arg>
	-->
    <bean id="user1" class="User" lazy-init="true">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user2" class="User" lazy-init="true">
        <constructor-arg name="uid" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="username" value="张三"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    <bean id="user3" class="User" lazy-init="true">
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="5"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试类调用spring-config.xml

public class SpringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        User user = applicationContext.getBean("user1",User.class);
    }
}

运行

uid:1,usernaem:李四

Process finished with exit code 0

例2：

public class SpringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        User user = applicationContext.getBean("user2",User.class);
    }
}

uid:1,usernaem:张三

Process finished with exit code 0

例3：

public class SpringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        User user = applicationContext.getBean("user3",User.class);
    }
}

uid:1,usernaem:5

基于设值函数的依赖注入（setter方法）

配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- setter方法注入
		* 普通数据
			<property name="" value="值">
			等效
			<property name="">
				<value>值
		* 引用数据
			<property name="" ref="另一个bean">
			等效
			<property name="">
				<ref bean="另一个bean"/>

	-->
    <bean id="person" class="com.demo.dao.Person">
        <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
        <property name="age" value="25"></property>

        <property name="homeAddr" ref="homeAddr"></property>
        <property name="companyAddr" ref="companyAddr"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="homeAddr" class="com.demo.dao.Address">
        <property name="addr" value="福建"></property>
        <property name="tel" value="13205068888"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="companyAddr" class="com.demo.dao.Address">
        <property name="addr" value="厦门"></property>
        <property name="tel" value="13205068888"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

Person

package com.demo.dao;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private Address homeAddr;
    private Address companyAddr;

    get set.....
}

Address

package com.demo.dao;

public class Address {
    private String addr;
    private String tel;

    public String getAddr() {
        return addr;
    }

    public void setAddr(String addr) {
        this.addr = addr;
    }

    public String getTel() {
        return tel;
    }

    public void setTel(String tel) {
        this.tel = tel;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "addr='" + addr + '\'' +
                ", tel='" + tel + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

测试类

public class SpringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        Person person = applicationContext.getBean("person",Person.class);
        System.out.println(person.getName());
        System.out.println(person.getAge());
        System.out.println(person.getHomeAddr());
        System.out.println(person.getCompanyAddr());
    }
}

运行

张三
25
Address{addr='福建', tel='13205068888'}
Address{addr='厦门', tel='13205068888'}

注入内部 Beans

配置格式

<bean id="outerBean" class="...">
      <property name="target">
         <bean id="innerBean" class="..."/>
      </property>
   </bean>

配置

    <bean id="person" class="com.demo.dao.Person">
        <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
        <property name="age" value="25"></property>

        <property name="homeAddr" >
            <bean id="homeAddr" class="com.demo.dao.Address">
                <property name="addr" value="福建"></property>
                <property name="tel" value="13205068888"></property>
            </bean>
        </property>
        <property name="companyAddr">
            <bean id="companyAddr" class="com.demo.dao.Address">
                <property name="addr" value="厦门"></property>
                <property name="tel" value="13205068888"></property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

测试类

public class SpringTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        Person person = applicationContext.getBean("person",Person.class);
        System.out.println(person.getName());
        System.out.println(person.getAge());
        System.out.println(person.getHomeAddr());
        System.out.println(person.getCompanyAddr());
    }
}

运行结果

张三
25
Address{addr='福建', tel='13205068888'}
Address{addr='厦门', tel='13205068888'}

注入集合

public class JavaCollection {
   List addressList;
   Set  addressSet;
   Map  addressMap;
   Properties addressProp;
   
   get set ...
   }

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
   <bean id="javaCollection" class="com.tutorialspoint.JavaCollection">

      <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
      <property name="addressList">
         <list>
            <value>INDIA</value>
            <value>Pakistan</value>
            <value>USA</value>
            <value>USA</value>
         </list>
      </property>

      <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
      <property name="addressSet">
         <set>
            <value>INDIA</value>
            <value>Pakistan</value>
            <value>USA</value>
            <value>USA</value>
        </set>
      </property>

      <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
      <property name="addressMap">
         <map>
            <entry key="1" value="INDIA"/>
            <entry key="2" value="Pakistan"/>
            <entry key="3" value="USA"/>
            <entry key="4" value="USA"/>
         </map>
      </property>

      <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
      <property name="addressProp">
         <props>
            <prop key="one">INDIA</prop>
            <prop key="two">Pakistan</prop>
            <prop key="three">USA</prop>
            <prop key="four">USA</prop>
         </props>
      </property>

   </bean>

</beans>

package com.tutorialspoint;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = 
             new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
      JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean("javaCollection");
      jc.getAddressList();
      jc.getAddressSet();
      jc.getAddressMap();
      jc.getAddressProp();
   }
}

运行

List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA]
Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA]
Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA}
Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}