一、查找——对撞指针
对撞指针套路:
# 对撞指针套路
l,r = 0, len(nums)-1
while l < r:
if nums[l] + nums[r] == target:
return nums[l],nums[r]
elif nums[l] + nums[r] < target:
l += 1
else:
r -= 1
处理重复值的套路:先转换为有序数组,再循环判断其与上一次值是否重复:
# 对撞指针套路
l,r = 0, len(nums)-1
while l < r:
sum = nums[i] + nums[l] + nums[r]
if sum == target:
res.append([nums[i],nums[l],nums[r])
l += 1
r -= 1
while l < r and nums[l] == nums[l-1]: l += 1
while l < r and nums[r] == nums[r+1]: r -= 1
elif sum < target:
l += 1
else:
r -= 1
练习 ![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e8cac74a72fb7931d97acabb7693e06e.png#pic_center)
class Solution:
def twoSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[int]:
nums = list(enumerate(nums))
# 根据value来排序
nums.sort(key = lambda x:x[1])
l,r = 0, len(nums)-1
while l < r:
if nums[l][1] + nums[r][1] == target:
return nums[l][0],nums[r][0]
elif nums[l][1] + nums[r][1] < target:
l += 1
else:
r -= 1
class Solution:
def threeSum(self, nums: [int]) -> [[int]]:
nums.sort()
res = []
for i in range(len(nums)-2):
# 因为是排序好的数组,如果最小的都大于0可以直接排除
if nums[i] > 0: break
# 排除i的重复值
if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]: continue
l,r = i+1, len(nums)-1
while l < r:
sum = nums[i] + nums[l] + nums[r]
if sum == 0:
res.append([nums[i],nums[l],nums[r]])
l += 1
r -= 1
while l < r and nums[l] == nums[l-1]: l += 1
while l < r and nums[r] == nums[r+1]: r -= 1
elif sum < 0:
l += 1
else:
r -= 1
return res
class Solution:
def fourSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
nums.sort()
res = []
if len(nums) < 4: return res
if len(nums) == 4 and sum(nums) == target:
res.append(nums)
return res
for i in range(len(nums)-3):
if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]: continue
for j in range(i+1,len(nums)-2):
if j > i+1 and nums[j] == nums[j-1]: continue
l,r = j+1, len(nums)-1
while l < r:
sum_value = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[l] + nums[r]
if sum_value == target:
res.append([nums[i],nums[j],nums[l],nums[r]])
l += 1
r -= 1
while l < r and nums[l] == nums[l-1]: l += 1
while l < r and nums[r] == nums[r+1]: r -= 1
elif sum_value < target:
l += 1
else:
r -= 1
return res
class Solution:
def threeSumClosest(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
nums.sort()
diff = abs(nums[0]+nums[1]+nums[2]-target)
res = nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2]
for i in range(len(nums)):
l,r = i+1,len(nums)-1
t = target - nums[i]
while l < r:
if nums[l] + nums[r] == t:
return nums[i] + t
else:
if abs(nums[l]+nums[r]-t) < diff:
diff = abs(nums[l]+nums[r]-t)
res = nums[i]+nums[l]+nums[r]
if nums[l]+nums[r] < t:
l += 1
else:
r -= 1
return res
class Solution:
def fourSumCount(self, A: List[int], B: List[int], C: List[int], D: List[int]) -> int:
from collections import Counter
record = Counter()
for i in range(len(A)):
for j in range(len(B)):
record[A[i]+B[j]] += 1
res = 0
for i in range(len(C)):
for j in range(len(D)):
find_num = 0 - C[i] - D[j]
if record.get(find_num) != None:
res += record[find_num]
return res
class Solution:
def groupAnagrams(self, strs: List[str]) -> List[List[str]]:
from collections import defaultdict
strs_dict = defaultdict(list)
res = []
for str in strs:
key = ''.join(sorted(list(str)))
strs_dict[key] += str.split(',')
for v in strs_dict.values():
res.append(v)
return res
class Solution:
def numberOfBoomerangs(self, points: List[List[int]]) -> int:
res = 0
from collections import Counter
for i in points:
record = Counter()
for j in points:
if i != j:
record[self.dis(i,j)] += 1
for k,v in record.items():
res += v*(v-1)
return res
def dis(self,point1,point2):
return (point1[0]-point2[0]) ** 2 + (point1[1]-point2[1]) ** 2
class Solution:
def maxPoints(self,points):
if len(points) <= 1:
return len(points)
res = 0
from collections import defaultdict
for i in range(len(points)):
record = defaultdict(int)
samepoint = 0
for j in range(len(points)):
if points[i][0] == points[j][0] and points[i][1] == points[j][1]:
samepoint += 1
else:
record[self.get_Slope(points,i,j)] += 1
for v in record.values():
res = max(res, v+samepoint)
res = max(res, samepoint)
return res
def get_Slope(self,points,i,j):
if points[i][1] - points[j][1] == 0:
return float('Inf')
else:
return (points[i][0] - points[j][0]) / (points[i][1] - points[j][1])
二、查找——滑动数组&二分查找
二分查找代码模板:
class Solution:
def firstBadVersion(self, arr):
# 第一点:lo和hi分别对应搜索的上界和下界,但不一定为0和arr最后一个元素的下标
lo, hi = 0, len(arr)-1
while lo < hi:
# 第二点:因为Python没有溢出,int型不够了会自动改成long int型,所以无需担心
# 可以把这一行改成:mid = lo + (hi-lo) // 2
mid = (lo+hi) // 2,
# 第三点:比较重要的就是这个f(x),在带入模板的情况下,写对函数就完了
if f(x):
lo = mid + 1
else:
hi = mid
return lo
这种写法比较好的点在于:
- 即使区间为空、答案不存在、有重复元素、搜索开/闭区间的上/下界也同样适用
- ±1 的位置调整只出现了一次,而且最后返回lo还是hi都是对的,无需纠结
练习
class Solution:
def containsNearbyDuplicate(self, nums: List[int], k: int) -> bool:
record = set()
for i in range(len(nums)):
if nums[i] in record:
return True
record.add(nums[i])
if len(record) == k+1:
record.remove(nums[i-k])
return False
class Solution:
def containsNearbyAlmostDuplicate(self, nums: List[int], k: int, t: int) -> bool:
if t == 0 and len(nums) == len(set(nums)):
return False
for i in range(len(nums)):
for j in range(1,k+1):
if i+j >= len(nums): break
if abs(nums[i+j]-nums[i]) <= t: return True
return False