数据结构 - 队列

队列是一种后进后出的结构

老师代码

循环

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define TOTAL_SPACE 5

/**
 * Circle int queue.
 */
typedef struct CircleIntQueue{
	int data[TOTAL_SPACE];

	int head;

	int tail;
}*CircleIntQueuePtr;

/**
 * Initialize the queue.
 */
CircleIntQueuePtr initQueue() {
	CircleIntQueuePtr resultPtr = (CircleIntQueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct CircleIntQueue));
	resultPtr->head = 0;
	resultPtr->tail = 0;

	return resultPtr;
}// Of the first constructor

/**
 * Enqueue.
 * 
 * @param paraValue The value of the new node.
 */
void enqueue(CircleIntQueuePtr paraPtr, int paraValue) {
	if ((paraPtr->tail + 1) % TOTAL_SPACE == paraPtr->head) {
		printf("Queue full.\r\n");
		return;
	} // Of if

	paraPtr->data[paraPtr->tail % TOTAL_SPACE] = paraValue;
	paraPtr->tail++;
}// Of enqueue

/**
 * Dequeue.
 * 
 * @return The value at the head.
 */
int dequeue(CircleIntQueuePtr paraPtr) {
	int resultValue;
	if (paraPtr->head == paraPtr->tail) {
		printf("No element in the queue.\r\n");
		return -1;
	} // Of if

	resultValue = paraPtr->data[paraPtr->head % TOTAL_SPACE];
	paraPtr->head++;

	return resultValue;
}// Of dequeue

/**
 * Output the queue.
 */
void outputLinkQueue(CircleIntQueuePtr paraPtr){
	int i;
	if (paraPtr->head == paraPtr->tail) {
		printf("Empty queue.");
		return;
	} // Of if

	printf("Elements in the queue: ");
	for (i = paraPtr->head; i < paraPtr->tail; i++) {
		printf("%d, ", paraPtr->data[i % TOTAL_SPACE]);
	} // Of for i

	printf("\r\n");
}//Of outputLinkQueue

/**
 * Unit test.
 */
void testLinkQueue(){
	int i = 10;
	CircleIntQueuePtr tempPtr = initQueue();
	for (; i < 16; i ++) {
		enqueue(tempPtr, i);
	}//Of for i

	outputLinkQueue(tempPtr);

	for (i = 0; i < 6; i ++) {
		printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempPtr));
	}//Of for i

	enqueue(tempPtr, 8);
	outputLinkQueue(tempPtr);
}//Of testLinkQueue

/**
 * The entrance.
 */
int main(){
	testLinkQueue();
	return 1;
}//Of main

链式

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

/**
 * 链队列的节点.
 */
typedef struct LinkNode{
	int data;
	LinkNode* next;
}*LinkNodePtr;

/**
 * 链队列.
 */
typedef struct LinkQueue{
	LinkNodePtr front;
	LinkNodePtr rear;
}*LinkQueuePtr;

/**
 * Construct an empty queue.
 */
LinkQueuePtr initQueue(){
	LinkQueuePtr resultPtr = (LinkQueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkQueue));
	//The header, the data is not useful.
	LinkNodePtr headerPtr = (LinkNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNodePtr));
	headerPtr->next = NULL;
	
	resultPtr->front = headerPtr;
	resultPtr->rear = headerPtr;
	return resultPtr;
}//Of initQueue

/**
 * Output the queue.
 */
void outputLinkQueue(LinkQueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	LinkNodePtr tempPtr = paraQueuePtr->front->next;
	while (tempPtr != NULL) {
		printf("%d ", tempPtr->data);
		tempPtr = tempPtr->next;
	}//Of while
	printf("\r\n");
}//Of outputLinkQueue

/**
 * Enqueue.
 */
void enqueue(LinkQueuePtr paraQueuePtr, int paraElement) {
	//Step 1. Create a new node
	LinkNodePtr tempNodePtr = (LinkNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkNode));
	tempNodePtr->data = paraElement;
	tempNodePtr->next = NULL;
	
	//Step 2. Link to the existing rear
	paraQueuePtr->rear->next = tempNodePtr;
	
	//Step 3. It is the new rear
	paraQueuePtr->rear = tempNodePtr;
}//Of enqueue

/**
 * Dequeue.
 * @return The value of the header
 */
int dequeue(LinkQueuePtr paraQueuePtr) {
	int resultValue;
	LinkNodePtr tempNodePtr;

	//Step 1. Is the queue empty?
	if (paraQueuePtr->front == paraQueuePtr->rear) {
		printf("The queue is empty.\r\n");
		return -1;
	}//Of if

	//Step 2. Change the queue.
	tempNodePtr = paraQueuePtr->front->next;
	resultValue = tempNodePtr->data;
	paraQueuePtr->front->next = paraQueuePtr->front->next->next;

	if (paraQueuePtr->rear == tempNodePtr) {
		paraQueuePtr->rear = paraQueuePtr->front;
	}//Of if

	//Step 3. Free space.
	// free(tempNodePtr);
	tempNodePtr = NULL;

	//Step 4. Return.
	return resultValue;
}//Of enqueue
	
/**
 * Unit test.
 */
void testLinkQueue(){
	LinkQueuePtr tempQueuePtr;
	tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 10);
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 30);
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 50);

	outputLinkQueue(tempQueuePtr);

	printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
	printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
	printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));
	printf("dequeue gets %d\r\n", dequeue(tempQueuePtr));

	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, 8);
	outputLinkQueue(tempQueuePtr);
}//Of testLinkQueue
 
/**
 * The entrance.
 */
int main(){
	testLinkQueue();
	return 1;
}//Of main

接口定义

interface Queue<T> {
    var length: Int

    fun push(e: T): Boolean
    fun pop(): Boolean
    fun empty(): Boolean
    fun top(): T
}

数据定义

data class Node<T>(
    var data: T,
    var next: Node<T>?
)

链式队列

class LinkedQueue<T>: Queue<T> {
    private var head: Node<T>? = null
    private var rear: Node<T>? = null

    override var length: Int = 0

    override fun push(e: T): Boolean {
        if (head == null) {
            head = Node(e, null)
            rear = head
        } else {
            val temp = Node(e, null)
            rear?.next = temp
            rear = temp
        }

        length++
        return true
    }

    override fun pop(): Boolean {
        return if (empty()) {
            false
        } else {
            head = head?.next
            length--
            true
        }
    }

    override fun empty(): Boolean = length == 0

    override fun top(): T = head!!.data
}

循环队列

class ArrayQueue<T>(private var size: Int = 5): Queue<T> {
    private var head: Int = 0
    private var rear: Int = 0
    private var data: ArrayList<T> = ArrayList(size)

    override var length: Int = 0

    override fun push(e: T): Boolean {
        return if (full()) {
            false
        } else {
            data[rear++ % size] = e
            true
        }
    }

    fun full(): Boolean = length == size

    override fun pop(): Boolean {
        return if (empty()) {
            false
        } else {
       		head %= size
            head++
            true
        }
    }

    override fun empty(): Boolean = length == 0

    override fun top(): T = data[rear - 1]
}