Leetcode第三十六题：有效的数独

题目：

判断一个 9x9 的数独是否有效。只需要根据以下规则，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。

数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。

上图是一个部分填充的有效的数独。

数独部分空格内已填入了数字，空白格用 '.' 表示。

示例 1:

输入:
[
  ["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
  ["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
  [".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
  ["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
  ["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
  ["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
  [".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
  [".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
  [".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
]
输出: true
示例 2:

输入:
[
  ["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
  ["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
  [".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
  ["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
  ["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
  ["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
  [".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
  [".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
  [".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
]
输出: false
解释: 除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外，空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。
     但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。
说明:

一个有效的数独（部分已被填充）不一定是可解的。
只需要根据以上规则，验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
给定数独序列只包含数字 1-9 和字符 '.' 。
给定数独永远是 9x9 形式的。

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/valid-sudoku
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个人思路：

遍历+记录

官方答案推荐：

使用三个二维数组进行记录，用a[i][num]记录当前行/列/box的第num个数

python代码：

class Solution:
    def isValidSudoku(self, board: List[List[str]]) -> bool:
        row = [[0] *10 for _ in range(9)] 
        col = [[0] *10 for _ in range(9)]
        box = [[0] *10 for _ in range(9)]
        for rowIndex in range(9):
            for colIndex in range(9):
                if board[rowIndex][colIndex]!='.':
                    curNum = int(board[rowIndex][colIndex])
                    row[rowIndex][curNum] += 1
                    col[colIndex][curNum] += 1
                    boxIndex =  rowIndex//3*3+colIndex//3
                    box[boxIndex][curNum] += 1
                    if row[rowIndex][curNum]>1 or col[colIndex][curNum]>1 or box[boxIndex][curNum]>1:
                        return False
        
        return True

反思：

注意下二维数组a[9][10]对应[[0] * 10 for _ in range(9)]