常用socket函数封装及使用多进程和多线程实现服务器并发

1.常用socket函数封装

注意：accept或者read函数是阻塞函数, 会被信号打断, 此时不应该视为一个错误

//wrap.h

#ifndef __WRAP_H_
#define __WRAP_H_
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>

void perr_exit(const char *s);
int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr);
int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Listen(int fd, int backlog);
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol);
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
int Close(int fd);
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr);
ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen);
int tcp4bind(short port,const char *IP);
#endif

//wrap.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>

void perr_exit(const char *s)
{
	perror(s);
	exit(-1);
}

int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr)
{
	int n;

again:
	if ((n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) {
		if ((errno == ECONNABORTED) || (errno == EINTR))
			goto again;
		else
			perr_exit("accept error");     
	}
	return n;
}

int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
    int n;

	if ((n = bind(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
		perr_exit("bind error");

    return n;
}

int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
    int n;

	if ((n = connect(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
		perr_exit("connect error");

    return n;
}

int Listen(int fd, int backlog)
{
    int n;

	if ((n = listen(fd, backlog)) < 0)
		perr_exit("listen error");

    return n;
}

int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol)
{
	int n;

	if ((n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0)
		perr_exit("socket error");

	return n;
}

ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;

again:
	if ( (n = read(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
		if (errno == EINTR)
			goto again;
		else
			return -1;
	}
	return n;
}

ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
	ssize_t n;

again:
	if ( (n = write(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
		if (errno == EINTR)
			goto again;
		else
			return -1;
	}
	return n;
}

int Close(int fd)
{
    int n;
	if ((n = close(fd)) == -1)
		perr_exit("close error");

    return n;
}

2.多进程实现服务器并发

>>> 主进程中对子进程进行回收

注意：1.循环创建子进程最好循环回收，防止产生僵尸进程

            2.防止子进程在信号注册前退出，从而产生僵尸进程

/*多进程实现并发，主进程中使用sigaction函数回收子进程*/
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "wrap.h"

void sighandler(int sig)
{
    pid_t wpid;
	//回收子进程
	while(1)
	{
		wpid = waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG);
		if(wpid <= 0)
		{
			break;
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
    int lfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

    //设置端口复用
	int opt = 1;
	setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int));

    struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
    bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
    serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
    serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    Bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));

    Listen(lfd, 128);

    //将SIGCHLD信号阻塞
	sigset_t mask;
	sigemptyset(&mask);
	sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD);
	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL);

    int cfd;
    pid_t mpid;
    struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(clientAddr);
    while(1)
    {
        cfd = Accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &len);

        mpid = fork();
        if (mpid < 0)
        {
            perror("fork error:");
            exit(0);
        }
        else if (mpid > 0)
        {
            close(cfd);
            //signal(SIGCHLD, sighandler);

            //注册信号处理函数
            struct sigaction act;
            act.sa_handler = sighandler;
            sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
            act.sa_flags = 0;
            sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, NULL);

            //解除对SIGCHLD信号的阻塞
            sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL);
        }
        else if(mpid == 0)
        {
            //子进程中执行消息收发
            close(lfd);

            char buf[1024];
            int nLen; 
            char cIP[16];
            while(1)
            {
                memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
                nLen = Read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
                if (nLen <= 0)
                {
                    perror("read error:");
                    break;
                }
                printf("%s--%d: %s\n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clientAddr.sin_addr.s_addr, cIP, sizeof(cIP))
                                   , ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port), buf);
                
                strcat(buf, "---recvied");
                Write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf));
            }
            close(cfd);
            exit(0);  //子进程退出，防止子进程继续创建子进程
        }
    }
    close(lfd);
    return 0;
}

3.多线程实现服务器并发

/*多线程实现并发， 解决多个子线程共享cfd存在的问题*/
#include "wrap.h"
#include <pthread.h>

#define MAX_NUM 100

struct PthreadInfo
{
    int cfd;  //若为-1表示可用, 大于0表示已被占用
    pthread_t threadID;
    struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
};
//定义结构体数组，不同的线程访问不同的内存
struct PthreadInfo info[MAX_NUM];

//线程执行函数
void* mythread(void* arg)
{
    struct PthreadInfo* p = (struct PthreadInfo*)arg;

    char buf[1024];
    int cfd = p->cfd;
    ssize_t len;
    while (1)
    {
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        len = Read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
        if (len <= 0)
        {
            perror("read error:");
            close(cfd);
            p->cfd = -1;  //设置为-1表示该位置可用
            pthread_exit(NULL);
        }
        
        printf("%s\n", buf);

        strcat(buf, "---recvied");
        Write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf));
    }
    
}

void init_info()
{
    //初始化数组，当cfd = -1时表明这块内存空间可以使用
    for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_NUM; i++)
    {
        info[i].cfd = -1;
    }
}

int find_index()
{
    int i;
    for(i = 0; i < MAX_NUM; i++)
    {
        if (info[i].cfd == -1)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i == MAX_NUM)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    return i;
}


int main()
{
    int lfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

    //设置端口复用
	int opt = 1;
	setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int));

    struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
    bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
    serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
    serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    Bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));

    Listen(lfd, 128);

    //初始化
	init_info();

    int cfd;
	int ret;
	int idx;
	socklen_t len;
	struct sockaddr_in client;
    while (1)
    {
        len = sizeof(client);
        bzero(&client, len);

        cfd = Accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len);

        //找数组中空闲的位置
        idx = find_index();
        if (idx == -1)
        {
            close(cfd);
            continue;
        }

        //对空闲位置的元素的成员赋值
        info[idx].cfd = cfd;
        memset(&info[idx].clientAddr, &client, len);

        //创建子线程---该子线程完成对数据的收发
        ret = pthread_create(&info[idx].threadID, NULL, mythread, &info[idx]);
        if(ret!=0)
		{
			printf("create thread error:[%s]\n", strerror(ret));
			exit(-1);
		}
		
		//设置子线程为分离属性
		pthread_detach(info[idx].threadID);
        
    }
    
    close(lfd);
    return 0;
}