1.常用socket函数封装
注意:accept或者read函数是阻塞函数, 会被信号打断, 此时不应该视为一个错误
//wrap.h
#ifndef __WRAP_H_
#define __WRAP_H_
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>
void perr_exit(const char *s);
int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr);
int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen);
int Listen(int fd, int backlog);
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol);
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes);
int Close(int fd);
ssize_t Readn(int fd, void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t Writen(int fd, const void *vptr, size_t n);
ssize_t my_read(int fd, char *ptr);
ssize_t Readline(int fd, void *vptr, size_t maxlen);
int tcp4bind(short port,const char *IP);
#endif
//wrap.c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <strings.h>
void perr_exit(const char *s)
{
perror(s);
exit(-1);
}
int Accept(int fd, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *salenptr)
{
int n;
again:
if ((n = accept(fd, sa, salenptr)) < 0) {
if ((errno == ECONNABORTED) || (errno == EINTR))
goto again;
else
perr_exit("accept error");
}
return n;
}
int Bind(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
int n;
if ((n = bind(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
perr_exit("bind error");
return n;
}
int Connect(int fd, const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen)
{
int n;
if ((n = connect(fd, sa, salen)) < 0)
perr_exit("connect error");
return n;
}
int Listen(int fd, int backlog)
{
int n;
if ((n = listen(fd, backlog)) < 0)
perr_exit("listen error");
return n;
}
int Socket(int family, int type, int protocol)
{
int n;
if ((n = socket(family, type, protocol)) < 0)
perr_exit("socket error");
return n;
}
ssize_t Read(int fd, void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
ssize_t n;
again:
if ( (n = read(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
else
return -1;
}
return n;
}
ssize_t Write(int fd, const void *ptr, size_t nbytes)
{
ssize_t n;
again:
if ( (n = write(fd, ptr, nbytes)) == -1) {
if (errno == EINTR)
goto again;
else
return -1;
}
return n;
}
int Close(int fd)
{
int n;
if ((n = close(fd)) == -1)
perr_exit("close error");
return n;
}
2.多进程实现服务器并发
>>> 主进程中对子进程进行回收
注意:1.循环创建子进程最好循环回收,防止产生僵尸进程
2.防止子进程在信号注册前退出,从而产生僵尸进程
/*多进程实现并发,主进程中使用sigaction函数回收子进程*/
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "wrap.h"
void sighandler(int sig)
{
pid_t wpid;
//回收子进程
while(1)
{
wpid = waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG);
if(wpid <= 0)
{
break;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int lfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
//设置端口复用
int opt = 1;
setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int));
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
Bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
Listen(lfd, 128);
//将SIGCHLD信号阻塞
sigset_t mask;
sigemptyset(&mask);
sigaddset(&mask, SIGCHLD);
sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL);
int cfd;
pid_t mpid;
struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
socklen_t len = sizeof(clientAddr);
while(1)
{
cfd = Accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &len);
mpid = fork();
if (mpid < 0)
{
perror("fork error:");
exit(0);
}
else if (mpid > 0)
{
close(cfd);
//signal(SIGCHLD, sighandler);
//注册信号处理函数
struct sigaction act;
act.sa_handler = sighandler;
sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
act.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, NULL);
//解除对SIGCHLD信号的阻塞
sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &mask, NULL);
}
else if(mpid == 0)
{
//子进程中执行消息收发
close(lfd);
char buf[1024];
int nLen;
char cIP[16];
while(1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
nLen = Read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (nLen <= 0)
{
perror("read error:");
break;
}
printf("%s--%d: %s\n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clientAddr.sin_addr.s_addr, cIP, sizeof(cIP))
, ntohs(clientAddr.sin_port), buf);
strcat(buf, "---recvied");
Write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf));
}
close(cfd);
exit(0); //子进程退出,防止子进程继续创建子进程
}
}
close(lfd);
return 0;
}
3.多线程实现服务器并发
/*多线程实现并发, 解决多个子线程共享cfd存在的问题*/
#include "wrap.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#define MAX_NUM 100
struct PthreadInfo
{
int cfd; //若为-1表示可用, 大于0表示已被占用
pthread_t threadID;
struct sockaddr_in clientAddr;
};
//定义结构体数组,不同的线程访问不同的内存
struct PthreadInfo info[MAX_NUM];
//线程执行函数
void* mythread(void* arg)
{
struct PthreadInfo* p = (struct PthreadInfo*)arg;
char buf[1024];
int cfd = p->cfd;
ssize_t len;
while (1)
{
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
len = Read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (len <= 0)
{
perror("read error:");
close(cfd);
p->cfd = -1; //设置为-1表示该位置可用
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
printf("%s\n", buf);
strcat(buf, "---recvied");
Write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf));
}
}
void init_info()
{
//初始化数组,当cfd = -1时表明这块内存空间可以使用
for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_NUM; i++)
{
info[i].cfd = -1;
}
}
int find_index()
{
int i;
for(i = 0; i < MAX_NUM; i++)
{
if (info[i].cfd == -1)
{
break;
}
}
if (i == MAX_NUM)
{
return -1;
}
return i;
}
int main()
{
int lfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
//设置端口复用
int opt = 1;
setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int));
struct sockaddr_in serverAddr;
bzero(&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
serverAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serverAddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
serverAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
Bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serverAddr, sizeof(serverAddr));
Listen(lfd, 128);
//初始化
init_info();
int cfd;
int ret;
int idx;
socklen_t len;
struct sockaddr_in client;
while (1)
{
len = sizeof(client);
bzero(&client, len);
cfd = Accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len);
//找数组中空闲的位置
idx = find_index();
if (idx == -1)
{
close(cfd);
continue;
}
//对空闲位置的元素的成员赋值
info[idx].cfd = cfd;
memset(&info[idx].clientAddr, &client, len);
//创建子线程---该子线程完成对数据的收发
ret = pthread_create(&info[idx].threadID, NULL, mythread, &info[idx]);
if(ret!=0)
{
printf("create thread error:[%s]\n", strerror(ret));
exit(-1);
}
//设置子线程为分离属性
pthread_detach(info[idx].threadID);
}
close(lfd);
return 0;
}