Linux基础(二) ftp nfs ssh scp

1 ftp

1.1 ftp服务器搭建

1 首先安装ftp服务器

apt-get install vsftpd

2 可以查看到有vsftpd的配置文件

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/etc# ls -l vsftpd.conf

打开配置文件，并修改如下几项

允许匿名登录
anonymous_enable=YES

实名用户拥有写权限(这一行是被注释的，打开注释)
write_enable=YES

设置本地掩码为022 (这一行是被注释的，打开注释)
local_umask=022

匿名用户可以上传数据 (这一行是被注释的，打开注释)
anon_upload_enable=YES

匿名用户可以在ftp服务器上创建目录 (这一行是被注释的，打开注释)
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

3 重启服务器

service vsftpd restart

1.2 ftp客户端登录

4 登录ftp

ftp 172.17.107.187

然后在输入用户名和密码就可以登录成功
登录了以后其实当前的目录就是用户的家目录

ftp> pwd
257 "/home/james" is the current directory

5 退出登录

ftp> bye
221 Goodbye

1.3 文件的上传

首先要知道当前登录ftp时自己的家目录
因为使用root用户登录的ftp

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:~# ftp 172.17.107.187

1 首先在家目录下创建一个文件

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/# cd ~
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:~# ls
software  yeliang
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:~# touch file_test_upload.txt

2 上传该文件

ftp> put file_test_upload.txt
local: file_test_upload.txt remote: file_test_upload.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.

1.4 文件的下载

首先切换到james用户的目录下创建一个hi.txt
当前是以james的用户登录，然后直接瞎子啊hi.txt

ftp> get hi.txt
local: hi.txt remote: hi.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for hi.txt (23 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
23 bytes received in 0.00 secs (368.2121 kB/s)

需要注意的是，上传和下载不允许操作目录，如果想传文件夹，可以打包。

1.5 匿名用户登录

打开并设置vsftpd.conf，指定匿名用户访问的文件夹

vi /etc/vsftpd.conf
anon_root=/home/james/anonDir

在此文件夹中新建文件

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# cd anonDir/
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james/anonDir# touch hello1.txt

2 使用匿名用户登录

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:~# ftp 172.17.107.187
Connected to 172.17.107.187.
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (172.17.107.187:root): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.

3 可以查看到文件信息

ftp> ls
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Here comes the directory listing.
-rw-r--r--    1 0        0               0 Jan 25 00:55 hello1.txt

上传文件被拒绝

ftp> put hi.txt
local: hi.txt remote: hi.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
553 Could not create file.

修改文件权限

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# ls -l
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Jan 25 00:55 anonDir
-rw-r--r-- 1 james james    0 Jan 24 23:21 file_test_upload.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root     0 Jan 24 23:08 hiboy.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 james james   23 Jan 24 23:31 hi.txt
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# chmod 777 anonDir/

重新上传

local: hi.txt remote: hi.txt
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
23 bytes sent in 0.00 secs (1.2186 MB/s)

2 nfs

首先安装nfs

apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

2.1 创建共享目录

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# mkdir NfsShare
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# ls
anonDir  newDir  NfsShare  testUpload
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# cd NfsShare
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james/NfsShare# touch share_1.txt
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james/NfsShare# touch sahre_2.txt

修改共享文件权限

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# ls -l
total 16
drwxrwxrwx 2 root  root  4096 Jan 25 01:00 anonDir
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Jan 25 10:06 newDir
drwxr-xr-x 2 root  root  4096 Jan 25 11:20 NfsShare
drwxrwxr-x 2 james james 4096 Jan 25 10:28 testUpload
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# chmod 777 NfsShare/

2.2 修改配置文件

sudo vi /etc/exports

将如下一行添加到配置文件最后

/home/james/NfsShare *(rw,sync)

前面是共享文件的路径
rw:表示可读可写
sync:表示同步

2.3 重启服务

sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart

2.4 客户端挂载share目录

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# mount 172.17.107.187:/home/james/NfsShare /mnt
root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# tree /mnt
/mnt
├── sahre_2.txt
└── share_1.txt

0 directories, 2 files

3 ssh

安装ssh

apt-get install openssh-server

3.1 登录

ssh james@182.92.70.244 

然后在输入密码后就登录成功了

3.2 退出

james@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:~$ logout
Connection to 182.92.70.244 closed.

4 scp 拷贝远程服务器的文件到本机

scp == super copy

scp -r 目标用户名@目标主机IP地址:/目标文件的绝对路径 /本机的绝对路径

scp -r root@182.92.70.244:/home/james/NfsShare /home/james/newDir
The authenticity of host '182.92.70.244 (182.92.70.244)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:MrfMN+JPXPRgTBFGHMLCgDAr/vtCuZef5XEpHbVOcpI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '182.92.70.244' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@182.92.70.244's password: 
share_1.txt                                                   100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00    
sahre_2.txt                                                   100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00   

拷贝后查看

root@iZ2ze9ftqv2b7zbety6qd8Z:/home/james# tree
.
├── anonDir
│   ├── hello1.txt
│   └── hi.txt
├── newDir
│   ├── NfsShare
│   │   ├── sahre_2.txt
│   │   └── share_1.txt
│   ├── upload_1.txt
│   └── upload_2.txt
├── NfsShare
│   ├── sahre_2.txt
│   └── share_1.txt
└── testUpload