【数据处理】用python将西班牙语的特殊符号替换成相应的英文字符

目的

我想将西班牙语中的áéíóúÁÉÍÓÚñÑüÜ替换成相应的英文字母，并把¡¿删除，以便后续其他数据处理操作，所以我写了个小程序替换这些特殊字符。

思路

简单粗暴地遍历句子中所有字符，若有上述特殊字符，就替换成相应的字母。

代码

注意，要在文件最上方加上# -*- coding: ISO8859-1 -*-，否则会报错，且下一次打开这个文件时特殊符号会乱码。

# -*- coding: ISO8859-1 -*-
sentence = "Juchitán de Za¿ragozaá"

# 替换特殊字符
def replace_char(original_column, pos, point_char):
    replaced_column = original_column[:pos] + point_char + original_column[pos+1:]
    return replaced_column

# 删除特殊字符
def delete_char(origianal_column, pos):
    deleted_column = origianal_column[:pos] + origianal_column[pos+1:]
    return deleted_column

# 构建西班牙语特殊字符的字典
special_Spanish_chars_dict = {}
special_Spanish_chars_list = ['á', 'é', 'í', 'ó', 'ú', 'Á', 'É', 'Í', 'Ó', 'Ú', 'ñ', 'Ñ', '¡', '¿', 'ü', 'Ü']
English_chars_list = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U', 'n', 'N', 0, 0, 'u', 'U']
cnt = 0
for special_char in special_Spanish_chars_list:
        special_Spanish_chars_dict[special_char] = English_chars_list[cnt]
        cnt += 1

cleaned_sentence = sentence
sentence_length = len(sentence)
delete_num = 0

# 遍历句子中的每一个字符
for j in range(sentence_length):
    try:
        character = sentence[j]
        point_char = special_Spanish_chars_dict[character]
        if point_char != 0:  # replace
            cleaned_sentence = replace_char(cleaned_sentence, j - delete_num, point_char)
        else:  # delete
            cleaned_sentence = delete_char(cleaned_sentence, j - delete_num)
            delete_num += 1
    except:
            continue

print("Original sentence: {}".format(sentence))
print("Cleaned sentence:  {}".format(cleaned_sentence))

结果：