ACM算法集3
五、高精度计算
高精度数的定义: type hp=array[1..maxlen] of integer; 1 .高精度加法 procedure plus ( a,b:hp; var c:hp); var i,len:integer; begin fillchar(c,sizeof(c),0); if a[0]>b[0] then len:=a[0] else len:=b[0]; for i:=1 to len do begin inc(c[i],a[i]+b[i]); if c[i]>10 then begin dec(c[i],10); inc(c[i+1]); end; { 进位 } end; if c[len+1]>0 then inc(len); c[0]:=len; end;{plus} 2.高精度减法 procedure substract(a,b:hp;var c:hp); var i,len:integer; begin fillchar(c,sizeof(c),0); if a[0]>b[0] then len:=a[0] else len:=b[0]; for i:=1 to len do begin inc(c[i],a[i]-b[i]); if c[i]<0 then begin inc(c[i],10);dec(c[i+1]); end; while (len>1) and (c[len]=0) do dec(len); c[0]:=len; end; 3 .高精度乘以低精度 procedure multiply(a:hp;b:longint;var c:hp); var i,len:integer; begin fillchar(c,sizeof(c),0); len:=a[0]; for i:=1 to len do begin inc(c[i],a[i]*b); inc(c[i+1],(a[i]*b) div 10); c[i]:=c[i] mod 10; end; inc(len); while (c[len]>=10) do begin { 处理最高位的进位 } c[len+1]:=c[len] div 10; c[len]:=c[len] mod 10; inc(len); end; while (len>1) and (c[len]=0) do dec(len); {若不需进位则调整 len} c[0]:=len; end;{multiply} 4.高精度乘以高精度 procedure high_multiply(a,b:hp; var c:hp} var i,j,len:integer; begin fillchar(c,sizeof(c),0); for i:=1 to a[0] do for j:=1 to b[0] do begin inc(c[i+j-1],a[i]*b[j]); inc(c[i+j],c[i+j-1] div 10); c[i+j-1]:=c[i+j-1] mod 10; end; len:=a[0]+b[0]+1; while (len>1) and (c[len]=0) do dec(len); c[0]:=len; end; 5 .高精度除以低精度 procedure devide(a:hp;b:longint; var c:hp; var d:longint); {c:=a div b; d:= a mod b} var i,len:integer; begin fillchar(c,sizeof(c),0); len:=a[0]; d:=0; for i:=len downto 1 do begin d:=d*10+a[i]; c[i]:=d div b; d:=d mod b; end; while (len>1) and (c[len]=0) then dec(len); c[0]:=len; end; 6 .高精度除以高精度 procedure high_devide(a,b:hp; var c,d:hp); var i,len:integer; begin fillchar(c,sizeof(c),0); fillchar(d,sizeof(d),0); len:=a[0];d[0]:=1; for i:=len downto 1 do begin multiply(d,10,d); d[1]:=a[i]; while(compare(d,b)>=0) do { 即 d>=b} begin Subtract(d,b,d); inc(c[i]); end; end; while(len>1)and(c.s[len]=0) do dec(len); c.len:=len; end; 六、 树的遍历 1 .已知前序中序求后序 procedure Solve(pre,mid:string); var i:integer; begin if (pre='') or (mid='') then exit; i:=pos(pre[1],mid); solve(copy(pre,2,i),copy(mid,1,i-1)); solve(copy(pre,i+1,length(pre)-i),copy(mid,i+1,length(mid)-i)); post:=post+pre[1]; { 加上根,递归结束后post即为后序遍历 } end; 2.已知中序后序求前序 procedure Solve(mid,post:string); var i:integer; begin if (mid='') or (post='') then exit; i:=pos(post[length(post)],mid); pre:=pre+post[length(post)]; { 加上根,递归结束后pre即为前序遍历 } solve(copy(mid,1,I-1),copy(post,1,I-1)); solve(copy(mid,I+1,length(mid)-I),copy(post,I,length(post)-i)); end; 3.已知前序后序求中序的一种 function ok(s1,s2:string):boolean; var i,l:integer; p:boolean; begin ok:=true; l:=length(s1); for i:=1 to l do begin p:=false; for j:=1 to l do if s1[i]=s2[j] then p:=true; if not p then begin ok:=false;exit;end; end; end; procedure solve(pre,post:string); var i:integer; begin if (pre='') or (post='') then exit; i:=0; repeat inc(i); until ok(copy(pre,2,i),copy(post,1,i)); solve(copy(pre,2,i),copy(post,1,i)); midstr:=midstr+pre[1]; solve(copy(pre,i+2,length(pre)-i-1),copy(post,i+1,length(post)-i-1)); end; 七 进制转换 1 任意正整数进制间的互化 除n取余 2 实数任意正整数进制间的互化 乘n取整 3 负数进制: 设计一个程序,读入一个十进制数的基数和一个负进制数的基数,并将此十进制数转换为此负 进制下的数:-R∈{-2,-3, -4,....-20} 八 全排列与组合的生成 1 排列的生成:(1..n) procedure solve(dep:integer); var i:integer; begin if dep=n+1 then begin writeln(s);exit; end; for i:=1 to n do if not used[i] then begin s:=s+chr(i+ord('0'));used[i]:=true; solve(dep+1); s:=copy(s,1,length(s)-1); used[i]:=false; end; end; 2 组合的生成(1..n中选取k个数的所有方案 ) procedure solve(dep,pre:integer); var i:integer; begin if dep=k+1 then begin writeln(s);exit; end; for i:=1 to n do if (not used[i]) and (i>pre) then begin s:=s+chr(i+ord('0'));used[i]:=true; solve(dep+1,i); s:=copy(s,1,length(s)-1); used[i]:=false; end; end; 九.查找算法 1 折半查找 function binsearch(k:keytype):integer; var low,hig,mid:integer; begin low:=1;hig:=n; mid:=(low+hig) div 2; while (a[mid].key<>k) and (low<=hig) do begin if a[mid].key>k then hig:=mid-1 else low:=mid+1; mid:=(low+hig) div 2; end; if low>hig then mid:=0; binsearch:=mid; end; 2 树形查找 二叉排序树:每个结点的值都大于其左子树任一结点的值而小于其右子树任一结点的值。 查找 function treesrh(k:keytype):pointer; var q:pointer; begin q:=root; while (q<>nil) and (q^.key<>k) do if k<q^.key then q:=q^.left else q:=q^.right; treesrh:=q; end; |