PXE网络自动装机

 一、构建DHCP服务器

yum -y install dhcp

cat > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf  <<EOF                  #DHCP配置文件
subnet 192.168.80.0 netmask 255.255.255.0           #分配网段
 { range 192.168.80.100 192.168.80.150;             #分配IP范围
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.80.10;        #dns地址
    option routers 192.168.80.1;                    #分配网关地址
    default-lease-time 600;                        
    max-lease-time 7200;
    next-server 192.168.80.10;                        #指定下一个服务器地址
    filename "pxelinux.0";                            #指定网卡引导文件名称
}
EOF

systemctl restart dhcpd

二、构建TFTP服务器（简单文件传输服务）

1.安装服务

yum -y install tftp-server
systemctl start tftp
systemctl stop firewalld 

2.部署pxelinux.0文件

yum provides */pxelinux.0         #查询该文件由那个软件生成
yum  -y install syslinux
rpm -ql syslinux | grep pxelinux.0  #查询文件位置
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0   /var/lib/tftpboot

3.部署菜单文件

mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt
cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg  /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default


4.部署图形模块、背景图片、启动内核、驱动程序

cd /mnt/isolinux/
cp ./vesamenu.c32 ./splash.png ./vmlinuz ./initrd.img    /var/lib/tftpboot
cd ~

三、构建web服务提供众多安装包

yum -y install httpd
mkdir /var/www/html/centos
mount /dev/cdrom  /var/www/html/centos
systemctl restart httpd

四、使用system-config-kickstart 工具生成应答文件

yum -y install system-config-kickstart
system-config-kickstart             #启动图形化界面，选择配置信息

cp /root/ks.cfg  /var/www/html    #将应答文件放在http服务共享

vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
 ......
 ks=http://192.168.80.10/ks.cfg

 菜单文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 600

display boot.msg

# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title CentOS 7
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13

# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none

# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none

# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none

# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none

# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none

# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none

# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.

menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.

menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line

label linux
  menu label ^Install CentOS 7 PXE
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.80.10/ks.cfg 

 应答文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat ks.cfg   #生成的自动应答安装文件
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$HkS7FyXR$nFxWYEGj63PkVJD.L2mvu.
# System language
lang en_US
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.80.10/centos"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1

%post --interpreter=/bin/bash
useradd lisi
echo 123 | passwd --stdin lisi
%end

%packages
@base

%end