C++二进制文件的读写以及备份（补：2018年华南师大机试第8题）

前言：

之前因为时间临时有事出门没有写出最后一题。

复习到文件读取那一章的时候才想起来这题忘记写，现在补一下

而且对于文件的读写是我的弱项，算是对知识点的巩固

 

题目：

写一个Student的结构体，包括学生的姓名，学号，语数英三科成绩

再写三个函数，一个是读操作，一个是写操作，一个是备份操作。

读写在Student.dat文件中，备份至Student.bak文件中

 

分析：

 

知识点：

 

头文件：#include<fstream>

 

读写操作：

写：ofstream write(const char *__s, streamsize __n)   

       例子：ofstream write((char*)&标识符,sizeof(数据类型))

读：ifstream read(const char *__s, streamsize __n)

       例子：ofstream read((char*)&标识符,sizeof(数据类型))

 

文件打开模式：

ios::app	追加模式，追加至文件尾
ios::binary	以二进制的方式打开文件
ios::out	输出（CPU视角），用来写文件
ios::in	输入（CPU视角），用来读文件

 

 

 

我用的读写方式是二进制的方法读写，为了使程序更加清晰，我多加了一个函数是读取备份后的文件的（ read_backup() ），用来检查是否备份成功。

 

在写的过程中，起初是在结构体中，对于姓名以及学号原本是采用string的数据类型，但是发现在读文件的时候会出现问题。

改成了字符数组的格式以后才成功。

 

源代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;


//结构体
struct Student{
    char name[20];
    int id;
    double Chinses;
    double Math;
    double English;
};


//写
void Write(Student a){
    ofstream outfile("Student.dat",ios::binary|ios::app);
    while(!outfile){
        cout<<"error!"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    outfile.write((char*)&a,sizeof(Student));
    outfile.close();
}


//读
void read(){
    ifstream infile("Student.dat",ios::binary);
    while(!infile){
        cout<<"error!"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    Student a;
    while(infile.read((char*)&a,sizeof(Student))){
        cout<<endl<<"*******************"<<endl;
        cout<<"name:"<<a.name<<endl;
        cout<<"ID:"<<a.id<<endl;
        cout<<"Chinese Score:"<<a.Chinses<<endl;
        cout<<"Math score:"<<a.Math<<endl;
        cout<<"English Score:"<<a.English<<endl;
    }
    infile.close();
}

//备份
void backup(){
    ifstream infile("Student.dat",ios::binary);
    while(!infile){
        cout<<"error!"<<endl;
    }

    ofstream outfile("Student.bak",ios::app|ios::binary);
    while(!outfile){
        cout<<"error!"<<endl;
    }

    Student a;

    while(infile.read((char*)&a,sizeof(Student))){
        outfile.write((char*)&a,sizeof(Student));
    }

    infile.close();
    outfile.close();

    cout<<endl<<"successful!"<<endl;

}

//读取备份文件
void read_backup(){
    ifstream infile("Student.bak",ios::binary);
    while(!infile){
        cout<<"error!"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    Student a;
    while(infile.read((char*)&a,sizeof(Student))){
        cout<<endl<<"*******************"<<endl;
        cout<<"name:"<<a.name<<endl;
        cout<<"ID:"<<a.id<<endl;
        cout<<"Chinese Score:"<<a.Chinses<<endl;
        cout<<"Math score:"<<a.Math<<endl;
        cout<<"English Score:"<<a.English<<endl;
    }
    infile.close();
}

int main()
{
    cout<<"how many student you want to write:";
    int n;
    cin>>n;

    Student *stu=new Student[n];
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
        cout<<endl;
        cout<<"please input name:";
        cin>>stu[i].name;
        cout<<"please input ID:";
        cin>>stu[i].id;
        cout<<"please input Chinese Score:";
        cin>>stu[i].Chinses;
        cout<<"please input Math score:";
        cin>>stu[i].Math;
        cout<<"please input English Score:";
        cin>>stu[i].English;
        Write(stu[i]);
    }


    cout<<endl<<endl;

    cout<<"Read:"<<endl;
    read();
    backup();
    cout<<"Read backup:"<<endl;
    read_backup();
    return 0;
}

 

 

结果：

how many student you want to write:3

please input name:a
please input ID:101
please input Chinese Score:99
please input Math score:99
please input English Score:99

please input name:b
please input ID:102
please input Chinese Score:97
please input Math score:97
please input English Score:97

please input name:c
please input ID:103
please input Chinese Score:98
please input Math score:98
please input English Score:67


Read:

*******************
name:a
ID:101
Chinese Score:99
Math score:99
English Score:99

*******************
name:b
ID:102
Chinese Score:97
Math score:97
English Score:97

*******************
name:c
ID:103
Chinese Score:98
Math score:98
English Score:67

successful!

Read backup:

*******************
name:a
ID:101
Chinese Score:99
Math score:99
English Score:99

*******************
name:b
ID:102
Chinese Score:97
Math score:97
English Score:97

*******************
name:c
ID:103
Chinese Score:98
Math score:98
English Score:67