【Linux】深入理解Sed

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简介

man sed

NAME
     sed -- stream editor

SYNOPSIS
     sed [-Ealn] command [file ...]
     sed [-Ealn] [-e command] [-f command_file] [-i extension] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The sed utility reads the specified files, or the standard input if no files are specified, modifying the
     input as specified by a list of commands.  The input is then written to the standard output.

• sed is a stream editor.

Benchmarks

bbs_list

each row is

• a computer bulletin board
• phone number
• baud rate
• a code.

 aardvark    555-5553    1200/300          B
 alpo-net    555-3412    2400/1200/300     A
 barfly      555-7685    1200/300          A
 bites       555-1675    2400/1200/300     A
 camelot     555-0542    300               C
 core        555-2912    1200/300          C
 fooey       555-1234    2400/1200/300     B
 foot        555-6699    1200/300          B
 macfoo      555-6480    1200/300          A
 sdace       555-3430    2400/1200/300     A
 sabafoo     555-2127    1200/300          C

inventory-shipped

each row is

• year
• green crates shipped
• red boxes shipped
• orange bags shipped
• blue packages shipped

 Jan  13  25  15 115
 Feb  15  32  24 226
 Mar  15  24  34 228
 Apr  31  52  63 420
 May  16  34  29 208
 Jun  31  42  75 492
 Jul  24  34  67 436
 Aug  15  34  47 316
 Sep  13  55  37 277
 Oct  29  54  68 525
 Nov  20  87  82 577
 Dec  17  35  61 401
 Jan  21  36  64 620
 Feb  26  58  80 652
 Mar  24  75  70 495
 Apr  21  70  74 514

e1. replace 555 to 444 in bbs_list

sed 's/555/444/' bbs_list
aardvark    444-5553    1200/300          B
alpo-net    444-3412    2400/1200/300     A
barfly      444-7685    1200/300          A
bites       444-1675    2400/1200/300     A
camelot     444-0542    300               C
core        444-2912    1200/300          C
fooey       444-1234    2400/1200/300     B
foot        444-6699    1200/300          B
macfoo      444-6480    1200/300          A
sdace       444-3430    2400/1200/300     A
sabafoo     444-2127    1200/300          C

Sed Process Format

1. sed ‘program’ input-file1 input-file2

2. sed -f program-file input-file1 input-file2

Sed Examples	解释
sed ’s/hello/world/’ input.txt > output.txt	hello -> world 并输出到output.txt
sed ’s/hello/world/’ < input.txt > output.txt	同上
cat input.txt | sed ’s/hello/world/’ - > output.txt	input-file is -，sed receive standard input
sed -i ’s/hello/world/’ file.txt	use -i to process and edit file.txt

Command-Line Opts

Opts	说明
-e 'program'
-f program-file
-i	编辑当前文件
-l	Make output line buffered.
-n	不把处理过程输出到屏幕上
p with -n 输出特定行：	sed -n ’3p’ file.txt
exit 0	succ
exit 1	invalid command
exit 2	多个文件处理其中一个文件打不开
exit 4	IO error

Program

sed ：[addr]X[options]

• [addr] ：a single line number、a regular expression、a range of lines
• X ：action
• [options] ：additional opts

Opts	说明
sed ‘30,35d’ input.txt > output.txt	30,35([addr] range of lines)；d(delete) action
sed ‘/^foo/q45’ input.txt > output.txt	/^foo/([addr] regular expression) ; q(quit)；42（the opt of q)
sed ‘/^foo/d ; s/hello/world/’ input.txt > output.txt	删除开头为foo，替换hello为world

Often-Used Commands

Commands	说明	Example
a\ text	1.append text after a line 2.命令行输入\直接按回车即可 3.用script脚本，则换行即可	sed '3a\ hello ’ bbs_list
d	删除选中的行	seq 5 | sed ‘2,4d’
q[exit-code]	匹配的addr处quit	seq 5 | sed ‘2q’
p	和-n一起使用打印对应行	seq 5 | sed -n ‘3p’
n	skip lines	seq 8 | sed ‘n;n;s/./x/’
c	替换选中行	seq 8 | sed ‘2c\ hahaha ’
i	insert before select lines	seq 8 | sed ‘2i\ haa ’
s/regexp/replacement/flag	1. s/v1/v2/g : apply the replace to all matches 2. s/v1/v2/num : the numth matches	1. echo 1,1,1,1,1 | sed 's/1/2/g’ 2. echo 1,1,1,1,1 | sed ‘s/1/3/3’

小结

1. sed 常见于处理批量文本替换功能

2. 相比较sed，awk的功能更加丰富，awk也一定程度上包含了sed的功能，不过awk常用处理明确列数的数据文件

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