Fragment基础知识
一、Fragment 介绍
Fragment是Android3.0后引入的一个新的API,他出现的初衷是为了适应大屏幕的平板电脑, 当然现在他仍然是平板APP UI设计的宠儿,而且我们普通手机开发也会加入这个Fragment, 我们可以把他看成一个小型的Activity,又称Activity片段!想想,如果一个很大的界面,我们 就一个布局,写起界面来会有多麻烦,而且如果组件多的话是管理起来也很麻烦!而使用Fragment 我们可以把屏幕划分成几块,然后进行分组,进行一个模块化的管理!从而可以更加方便的在 运行过程中动态地更新Activity的用户界面!另外Fragment并不能单独使用,他需要嵌套在Activity 中使用,尽管他拥有自己的生命周期,但是还是会受到宿主Activity的生命周期的影响,比如Activity 被destory销毁了,他也会跟着销毁!。
Fragment为什么被称为第五大组件?
Fragment的使用次数是不输于其他四大组件的,而且Fragment有自己的生命周期,比Activity更加节省内存。
Fragment的优势有以下几点:
模块化(Modularity):我们不必把所有代码全部写在Activity中,而是把代码写在各自的Fragment中。
可重用(Reusability):多个Activity可以重用一个Fragment。
可适配(Adaptability):根据硬件的屏幕尺寸、屏幕方向,能够方便地实现不同的布局,这样用户体验更好。
二、Fragment的生命周期
三、Fragment的创建
内部执行的顺序是:
(1).定义一个类, 继承Fragment
(2).重写父类的方法onCreateView()
(3).在onCreateView()方法中, 为Fragment 创建UI界面
四、Fragment的两种加载方式
静态加载
在需要加载fragment的activity中,想使用TextView一样,直接创建一个fragment即可.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".Main2Activity">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/frag1"
android:name="com.example.day005.SendFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"></fragment>
</LinearLayout>
动态加载
动态加载也就是在java代码中创建fragment.
实现流程
1:获得FragmentManager对象
FragmentManager fragmentManager=getSupportFragmentManager();
2:开启事务
FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
3:通过FragmentTransaction 调用add()、replace()方法管理fragment
4:transaction .commit();
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//1,创建fragment的管理对象
FragmentManager supportFragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
//2,获取fragment的事物对象,并开启事务
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
//3,调用事务中相应的方法,来操作fragment
//add方法参数,第一个要放入的容器(布局的Id),第二个是fragment对象
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.main_layout_id,new MyFragment());
//4,提交事务
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}
}
add,remove,replace,hide 方法
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//1,创建fragment的管理对象
FragmentManager supportFragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
//2,获取fragment的事物对象,并开启事务
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
//3,调用事务中相应的方法,来操作fragment
//add方法参数,第一个要放入的容器(布局的Id),第二个是fragment对象
MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.main_layout_id,myFragment);
//移除一个Fragment
fragmentTransaction.remove(myFragment);
OneFragment oneFragment = new OneFragment(); //实例化一个Fragment对象
//replace(替换一个布局)执行过程是先 remove 然后在 add.
fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.main_layout_id,oneFragment);
//隐藏一个Fragment
fragmentTransaction.hide(oneFragment);
//4,提交事务
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}
}
五、案例
xml文件代↓(代码内含有选择器,代码内并未放上)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context=".Main2Activity">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ll"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="9"
android:layout_height="0dp"></LinearLayout>
<RadioGroup
android:id="@+id/rg"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1.5"
>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/person"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/pic_select"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:button="@null"
android:gravity="center"
android:checked="true"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:textColor="@drawable/text_color_select"
android:text="联系人"></RadioButton>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/info"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:gravity="center"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/pic_select"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:button="@null"
android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
android:textColor="@drawable/text_color_select"
android:text="信息"></RadioButton>
</RadioGroup>
</LinearLayout>
联系人person的Fragment,XML代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".PersonFragment">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="联系人" />
</FrameLayout>
信息Info的Fragment,XML代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".InfoFragment">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="信息" />
</FrameLayout>
Main2Activity代码
package com.example.day004;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
private LinearLayout ll;
private RadioGroup rg;
private RadioButton person;
private RadioButton info;
PersonFragment personFragment;
InfoFragment infoFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
initView();
personFragment = new PersonFragment();
infoFragment = new InfoFragment();
FragmentManager supportFragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ll,personFragment);
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.ll,infoFragment);
fragmentTransaction.hide(infoFragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
rg.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
switch (checkedId){
//显示联系人 信息
case R.id.person:
FragmentManager supportFragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.hide(infoFragment);
fragmentTransaction.show(personFragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
break;
case R.id.info:
FragmentManager supportFragmentManager1 = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction1 = supportFragmentManager1.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction1.hide(personFragment);
fragmentTransaction1.show(infoFragment);
fragmentTransaction1.commit();
break;
}
}
});
}
private void initView() {
ll = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.ll);
rg = (RadioGroup) findViewById(R.id.rg);
person = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.person);
info = (RadioButton) findViewById(R.id.info);
}
}
InfoFragment代码
package com.example.day004;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
public class InfoFragment extends Fragment {
public InfoFragment() {
// Required empty public constructor
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_info, container, false);
}
}
PersonFragment代码
package com.example.day004;
package com.example.day004;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
/**
* A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
*/
public class PersonFragment extends Fragment {
public PersonFragment() {
// Required empty public constructor
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_person, container, false);
}
}