Refract Facts (二分) (UVALive 7292) Regionals 2015--North America - South Central USA

                                                                                      Refract Facts
A submarine is using a communications laser to send a message to a jet cruising overhead. The sea surface is flat. The submarine is cruising at a depth d below the surface. The jet is at height h above the sea surface, and a horizontal distance x from the sub. The submarine turns toward the jet before starting communications, but needs to know the angle of elevation, φ, at which to aim the laser. When the laser passes from the sea into the air, it is refracted (its path is bent). The refraction is described by Snell’s law, which says that light approaching the horizontal surface at an angle θ 1 , measured from the vertical, will leave at an angle θ 2 , given by the formula
sin θ 1
n 1
=
sin θ 2
n 2
where n 1 and n 2 are the respective refraction indices of the water and air.
(The refraction index of a material is inversely proportional to how fast light
can travel through that material.)
Input
Each test case consists of a single line of input containing 5 space-separated floating point numbers:
• d, the depth of the submarine (specifically, of the laser emitter) in feet, 1 ≤ d ≤ 800
• h, the height of the plane in feet, 100 ≤ h ≤ 10, 000
• x, the horizontal distance from the sub to the plane in feet, 0 ≤ x ≤ 10, 000
• n 1 , the refractive index of water, 1.0 < n 1 ≤ 2.5
• n 2 , the refractive index of air, 1.0 ≤ n 2 < n 1
Input ends with a line containing 5 zeroes (0 0 0 0 0).

Output
For each test case, print a single line containing the angle of elevation φ at which the submarine should
aim its laser to illuminate the jet.
The angle should be displayed in degrees and rounded to the closest 1/100 of a degree. Exactly two
digits after the decimal point should be displayed.90
1200 4000 1.5 1.01
100 10000 2.5 1.01
0 0 0
Sample Output
44.37
11.51
2.30

 思路： 这个题比赛的时候我们推公式没有推出来，是一个一元四次的方程，然后我们当时就放弃了，后来才发现这个题原来是个二分，要求的角度是在0到90度之间的，然后对0到90不断二分，我是根据mid求出来的H，然后和给定的h比较，如果H大于h，就说明mid大了，反之亦然。

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstdio>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<set>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
#define PI acos(-1)
typedef long long LL;
double d,h,x,n1,n2;
double cc(double l,double r)
{

    while(r-l>=0.001)
    {
        double mid=(l+r)/2.0;
        double m=d/(tan(mid*PI/180.0));
        double w=x-m;
        double ct1=90.0-mid;
        double sinct2=sin(ct1*PI/180.0)*n2/n1;
        double hct2=asin(sinct2);
        double ct2=hct2*180.0/PI;
        double hh=w/tan(ct2*PI/180.0);
        if(hh>h)
            r=mid;
        else
            l=mid;
    }
    return l;

}
int main()
{

    while(cin>>d>>h>>x>>n1>>n2)
    {
        if(d==0&&h==0&&x==0&&n1==0&&n2==0)
            break;
        double l=0.0,r=90.0;
        double ans=cc(l,r);
        printf("%.2lf\n",ans);
    }
    return 0;
}