8 整合SSM框架
如何集成SSM框架！完善项目的整合！
8.1 环境要求
8.1.1 软件环境：
- IDEA
- MySQL 5.7.19
- Tomcat 9
- Maven 3.6
要求：熟练掌握MySQL数据库，Spring，JavaWeb及MyBatis知识，简单的前端知识。
8.1.2 数据库环境：
创建一个存放数据数据的数据库表
CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
USE `ssmbuild`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
8.1.3 基本环境搭建：
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新建一个Maven项目！ssmbuild，添加web的支持
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导入相关的pom依赖！
<dependencies> <!--Junit--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <!--数据库驱动--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.47</version> </dependency> <!-- 数据库连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> </dependency> <!--Servlet - JSP --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!--Mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> </dependency> <!--Spring--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--Lombok--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.10</version> </dependency> </dependencies> -
Maven资源过滤设置
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> -
建立基本结构和配置框架！
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com.serene.pojo
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com.serene.dao
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com.serene.service
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com.serene.controller
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applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> </beans>
8.2 SSM整合:MyBatis层
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数据库配置文件 database.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 如果使用的是 MySQL8.0+，增加一个时区配置；&serverTimezone=Asia/shanghai jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=123456 -
IDEA关联数据库
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编写Mybatis的核心配置文件 mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <!--配置数据源，交给 Spring 去做--> <!--自动取别名--> <typeAliases> <package name="com.serene.pojo"/> </typeAliases> <!--注册绑定我们的Mapper文件,后面才需要添加--> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/serene/dao/BookMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration> -
编写数据库对应的实体类 Books。使用了Lombok插件
package com.serene.pojo; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Books { private int bookID; private String bookName; private int bookCounts; private String detail; } -
编写Dao 层的 Mapper 接口，BookMapper！对数据库的操作功能
package com.serene.dao; import com.serene.pojo.Books; import java.util.List; public interface BookMapper { //增加一个 Book int addBook(Books book); //根据id删除一个 Book int deleteBookById(int id); //更新 Book int updateBook(Books books); //根据 id 查询，返回一个 Book Books queryBookById(int id); //查询全部 Book，返回 list 集合 List<Books> queryAllBook(); } -
编写BookMapper接口对应的BookMapper.xml文件。需要导入Mybatis的依赖（pom已导入）：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.serene.dao.BookMapper"> <!--增加一个 Book--> <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books"> insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail) values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail}) </insert> <!--根据 id 删除一个 Book--> <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int"> delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID} </delete> <!--更新 Book--> <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books"> update ssmbuild.books set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = #{detail} where bookID = #{bookID} </update> <!--根据 id 查询，返回一个 Book--> <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books"> select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID = #{bookID} </select> <!--查询全部 Book，返回 list 集合--> <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books"> SELECT * from ssmbuild.books </select> </mapper> -
编写Service层的接口和实现类
接口：BookService
import com.serene.pojo.Books; import java.util.List; //BookService:底下需要去实现，调用dao层 public interface BookService { //增加一个Book int addBook(Books book); //根据id删除一个Book int deleteBookById(int id); //更新Book int updateBook(Books books); //根据id查询,返回一个Book Books queryBookById(int id); //查询全部Book,返回list集合 List<Books> queryAllBook(); }接口实现类类：BookServiceImpl
package com.serene.service; import com.serene.dao.BookMapper; import com.serene.pojo.Books; import java.util.List; public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{ //调用 dao 层的操作，设置一个set接口，方便Spring管理 private BookMapper bookMapper; public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper){ this.bookMapper = bookMapper; } //增加一个Book public int addBook(Books book) { return bookMapper.addBook(book); } //根据id删除一个Book public int deleteBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id); } //更新Book public int updateBook(Books books) { return bookMapper.updateBook(books); } //根据id查询,返回一个Book public Books queryBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.queryBookById(id); } //查询全部Book,返回list集合 public List<Books> queryAllBook() { return bookMapper.queryAllBook(); } }
到此，底层需求操作编写完毕！
8.3 SSM整合:Spring层
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配置Spring整合Mybatis，这里数据源使用c3p0连接池；
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编写Spring整合Mybatis的相关配置文件： spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 配置整合mybatis --> <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/> <!-- 2.数据库连接池 --> <!--数据库连接池 dbcp 半自动化操作 不能自动连接 c3p0 自动化操作（自动的加载配置文件 并且设置到对象里面） --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <!-- 配置连接池属性 --> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 --> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/> <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/> <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit --> <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/> <!-- 获取连接超时时间 --> <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/> <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 --> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/> </bean> <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml --> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/> </bean> <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包，动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 --> <!--解释 ：https://www.cnblogs.com/jpfss/p/7799806.html --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory --> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 --> <property name="basePackage" value="com.serene.dao"/> </bean> </beans> -
Spring整合service层
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!--1. 扫描service相关的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.serene.service" /> <!--2. BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中，使用Spring，可以通过配置或者注解实现--> <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.serene.service.BookServiceImpl"> <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/> </bean> <!--3. 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> <!--4. aop 事务支持！默认开启--> </beans>
Spring层完成！Spring就是一个大杂烩，一个容器，主要完成配置。
8.3 SSM整合:SpringMVC层
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web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <!--一定要注意:我们这里加载的是总的配置文件，之前被这里坑了！--> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--encodingFilter 过滤器防止乱码--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--Session过期时间--> <session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config> </web-app>这里注意加载的是总的配置文件 配置整合文件，applicationContext.xml
需要导入Spring层整合时添加的两个配置文件以及后面SpringMVC层的一个配置文件
<!-- resources/applicationContext.xml--> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/> <import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"/> <import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/> </beans> -
SpringMVC配置文件 spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 配置SpringMVC --> <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置--> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.serene.controller" /> </beans>
配置文件结束！Controller 和视图层的编写
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BookController 类编写，//方法一：查询全部书籍
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import java.util.List; @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController { @Autowired @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl") private BookService bookService; //查询全部的书籍 @RequestMapping("/allBook") public String list(Model model) { List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook(); model.addAttribute("list", list); return "allBook"; } } -
编写首页 index.sjp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>$SSM-Build$</title> <style type="text/css"> a { text-decoration: none; color: black; font-size: 18px; } h3 { width: 180px; height: 38px; margin: 100px auto; text-align: center; line-height: 38px; background: deepskyblue; border-radius: 4px; } </style> </head> <body> <h3> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a> </h3> </body> </html> -
书籍列表页面 allBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>书籍列表</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 column"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a> </div> </div> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <table class="table table-hover table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>书籍编号</th> <th>书籍名字</th> <th>书籍数量</th> <th>书籍详情</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}"> <tr> <td>${book.getBookID()}</td> <td>${book.getBookName()}</td> <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td> <td>${book.getDetail()}</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> | <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> -
BookController 类编写 ， 方法二：添加书籍
//添加书籍 点击新增书籍按钮，完成 /toAddBook 的访问，进图添加书籍页面，点击添加按钮访问 /addBook，完成数据库插入操作，最后重定向到查询书籍页面 @RequestMapping("/toAddBook") public String toAddPaper() { return "addBook"; } @RequestMapping("/addBook") public String addPaper(Books books) { System.out.println(books); bookService.addBook(books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; } -
添加书籍页面 addBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>新增书籍</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>新增书籍</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post"> 书籍名称：<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br> 书籍数量：<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br> 书籍详情：<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br> <input type="submit" value="添加"> </form> </div> -
BookController 类编写 ， 方法三：修改书籍
//修改书籍 @RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook") public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) { Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id); System.out.println(books); model.addAttribute("book",books ); return "updateBook"; } @RequestMapping("/updateBook") public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) { System.out.println(book); bookService.updateBook(book); Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID()); model.addAttribute("books", books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; } -
修改书籍页面 updateBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>修改信息</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>修改信息</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/> 书籍名称：<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/> 书籍数量：<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/> 书籍详情：<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </div> -
BookController 类编写 ， 方法四：删除书籍
//删除书籍 @RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}") public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) { bookService.deleteBookById(id); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
配置Tomcat，测试运行OK！当然这几个功能最好一个一个进行测试，出现问题好进行调试
到目前为止，这个SSM项目整合已经完全的OK了，可以直接运行进行测试！这个基础项目练习十分重要，必须保证，不看任何东西，自己可以完整的实现出来！
8.4 项目结构图
整个项目文件分布大概如上图所示！
8.5 小结及展望
这是我们第一个SSM整合案例，一定要烂熟于心！
SSM框架的重要程度是不言而喻的，学到这里，大家已经可以进行基本网站的单独开发。但是这只是增删改查的基本操作。可以说学到这里，才算是真正的步入了后台发开的门。也就是能够找到一个后台相关工作的底线。
但是对于个人提高来说，这还远远不够！
注意：此处遇到一个问题，Tomcat启动异常
原因是因为lib库未添加，启动失败；按照下面手动添加，启动OK。
对应代码：ssmbuild
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