Python小技巧整理（三）

目录

1.获得两个集合的并集

2.获取两个集合的交集 

3.获得两个集合的差集

4.获得两个集合的对称差集

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1.获得两个集合的并集

        初级：遍历这两个集合，将元素添加到一个新的集合中

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}  
 
union_set = set()  
 
for i in set_a:  
    union_set.add(i)  

for i in set_b:  
    union_set.add(i)  
 
print(union_set)

# {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}

        进阶：Python中的集合为两个集合的合并提供了一个union() 方法(或update()方法，或 | 符号)

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}

union_set = set_a.union(set_b)
print(union_set)

# {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}

print(set_a|set_b)

# {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}

set_a.update(set_b)
print(set_a)

# {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9}

2.获取两个集合的交集 

        初级：遍历寻找两个集合之间的共同元素

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}  
 
intersection_set = set()  
 
for i in set_a:  
    if i in set_b:  
        intersection_set.add(i)  
 
print(intersection_set)  

# {8, 1}

        进阶：Python 为两个集合的交集提供了intersection() 方法（或intersection_update()方法，或&符号）

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}  
 
intersection_set = set_a.intersection(set_b)  
print(intersection_set) 

# {8, 1}

print(set_a&set_b)

# {8, 1}

set_a.intersection_update(set_b)
print(set_a)

# {8, 1}

3.获得两个集合的差集

        初级：遍历寻找一个集合中另一集合没有的元素

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}  

difference_set = set()  
 
for i in set_a:  
    if i not in set_b:  
        difference_set.add(i)  
 
print(difference_set) 

        进阶：Python 为两个集合的差集提供了difference()方法(或difference_update()方法，或-符号)

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}  

difference_set = set_a.difference(set_b)
print(difference_set)

# {2, 4}

print(set_a-set_b)

# {2, 4}

set_a.difference_update(set_b)
print(set_a)

# {2, 4}

4.获得两个集合的对称差集

        初级：遍历两个集合并集中交集没有的元素

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}

union_set = set() 
intersection_set = set()  
symmetric_difference_set = set()

for i in set_a:  
    union_set.add(i)  

for i in set_b:  
    union_set.add(i)  

for i in set_a:  
    if i in set_b:  
        intersection_set.add(i) 

for i in union_set:
    if i not in intersection_set:
        symmetric_difference_set.add(i)

print(symmetric_difference_set) 

# {2, 3, 4, 7, 9}

        进阶：Python 为两个集合的对称差集提供了symmetric_difference()方法(或symmetric_difference_update()方法，或^符号)

set_a = {1, 2, 4, 8}  
set_b = {3, 8, 7, 1, 9}

symmetric_difference_set = set_a.symmetric_difference(set_b)
print(symmetric_difference_set)

# {2, 3, 4, 7, 9}

print(set_a^set_b)

# {2, 3, 4, 7, 9}

set_a.symmetric_difference_update(set_b)
print(set_a)

# {2, 3, 4, 7, 9}