说明
本博客代码来自开源项目:《动手学深度学习》(PyTorch版)
并且在博主学习的理解上对代码进行了大量注释,方便理解各个函数的原理和用途
配置环境
使用环境:python3.8
平台:Windows10
IDE:PyCharm
此节说明
此节对应书本上5.10节
此节功能为:批量归一化从零实现
由于次节相对容易理解,代码注释量较少
代码
# 本书链接https://tangshusen.me/Dive-into-DL-PyTorch/#/chapter03_DL-basics/3.8_mlp
# 5.10 批量归一化
# 注释:黄文俊
# E-mail:hurri_cane@qq.com
import time
import torch
from torch import nn, optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
def batch_norm(is_training, X, gamma, beta, moving_mean, moving_var, eps, momentum):
# 判断当前模式是训练模式还是预测模式
if not is_training:
# 如果是在预测模式下,直接使用传入的移动平均所得的均值和方差
X_hat = (X - moving_mean) / torch.sqrt(moving_var + eps)
else:
assert len(X.shape) in (2, 4)
if len(X.shape) == 2:
# 使用全连接层的情况,计算特征维上的均值和方差
mean = X.mean(dim=0)
# 样本均值
var = ((X - mean) ** 2).mean(dim=0)
# 样本均方差
else:
# 使用二维卷积层的情况,计算通道维上(axis=1)的均值和方差。这里我们需要保持
# X的形状以便后面可以做广播运算
mean = X.mean(dim=0, keepdim=True).mean(dim=2, keepdim=True).mean(dim=3, keepdim=True)
var = ((X - mean) ** 2).mean(dim=0, keepdim=True).mean(dim=2, keepdim=True).mean(dim=3, keepdim=True)
# 训练模式下用当前的均值和方差做标准化
X_hat = (X - mean) / torch.sqrt(var + eps)
# 更新移动平均的均值和方差
moving_mean = momentum * moving_mean + (1.0 - momentum) * mean
moving_var = momentum * moving_var + (1.0 - momentum) * var
Y = gamma * X_hat + beta # 拉伸和偏移
return Y, moving_mean, moving_var
class BatchNorm(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_features, num_dims):
super(BatchNorm, self).__init__()
if num_dims == 2:
shape = (1, num_features)
else:
shape = (1, num_features, 1, 1)
# 参与求梯度和迭代的拉伸和偏移参数,分别初始化成1和0
self.gamma = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(shape))
self.beta = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(shape))
# 不参与求梯度和迭代的变量,全在内存上初始化成0
self.moving_mean = torch.zeros(shape)
self.moving_var = torch.zeros(shape)
def forward(self, X):
# 如果X不在内存上,将moving_mean和moving_var复制到X所在显存上
if self.moving_mean.device != X.device:
self.moving_mean = self.moving_mean.to(X.device)
self.moving_var = self.moving_var.to(X.device)
# 保存更新过的moving_mean和moving_var, Module实例的traning属性默认为true, 调用.eval()后设成false
Y, self.moving_mean, self.moving_var = batch_norm(self.training,
X, self.gamma, self.beta, self.moving_mean,
self.moving_var, eps=1e-5, momentum=0.9)
return Y
net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5), # in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size
BatchNorm(6, num_dims=4),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2), # kernel_size, stride
nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5),
BatchNorm(16, num_dims=4),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
d2l.FlattenLayer(),
nn.Linear(16*4*4, 120),
BatchNorm(120, num_dims=2),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Linear(120, 84),
BatchNorm(84, num_dims=2),
nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Linear(84, 10)
)
# 对比未使用归一化的LeNet:
# net = nn.Sequential(
# nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5), # in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size
# BatchNorm(6, num_dims=4),
# nn.Sigmoid(),
# nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2), # kernel_size, stride
# nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5),
# BatchNorm(16, num_dims=4),
# nn.Sigmoid(),
# nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
# d2l.FlattenLayer(),
# nn.Linear(16*4*4, 120),
# BatchNorm(120, num_dims=2),
# nn.Sigmoid(),
# nn.Linear(120, 84),
# BatchNorm(84, num_dims=2),
# nn.Sigmoid(),
# nn.Linear(84, 10)
# )
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)
lr, num_epochs = 0.001, 5
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
d2l.train_ch5(net, train_iter, test_iter, batch_size, optimizer, device, num_epochs)
print(net[1].gamma.view((-1,)), net[1].beta.view((-1,)))
print("*"*50)