工厂设计模式

静态工厂设计模式：

public interface IBook {
    public void print();
}

public class MathBook implements IBook{
    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("我是数学书");
    }
}

public class EnglishBook implements IBook{
    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("我是英语书");
    }
}

public class OtherBook implements IBook{
    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println("我是其它类型的书");
    }
}

public class BookFactory {

    public static IBook getInstance(String bookName) {

        if ("com.bing.demo.MathBook".equals(bookName)) {
            return new MathBook();
        } else if ("com.bing.demo.EnglishBook".equals(bookName)) {
            return new EnglishBook();
        } else {
            return new OtherBook();
        }

    }

}

测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        IBook book = BookFactory.getInstance("com.bing.demo.EnglishBook");
        book.print();

    }
}

打印日志：

我是英语书

动态工厂设计模式：（因为不可能我们每一个Ibook字类都要在factory中添加一个if else，所以我们通过反射来实现动态实例化），修改上面的BookFactory代码：

public class BookFactory {

    public static IBook getInstance(String bookName) throws
            ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException,
            IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,
            InstantiationException {

        //通过反射获得当前class文件
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bookName);
        Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
        return (IBook) constructor.newInstance();;

    }
}

测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        IBook book = BookFactory.getInstance("com.bing.demo.MathBook");
        book.print();

    }
}

打印结果：

我是数学书

因为动态工厂可能返回空值，所以我们使用Optional工具类来控制，确保我们在测试类中得到的数据不为空，如果报空指针异常，那一定是factory的问题：

public class BookFactory {

    public static Optional<IBook> getInstance(String bookName) throws
            ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException,
            IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,
            InstantiationException {

        //通过反射获得当前class文件
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bookName);
        Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
        return Optional.of((IBook) constructor.newInstance());

    }

}

测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //通过get方法从Optional中取值
        IBook book = BookFactory.getInstance("com.bing.demo.OtherBook").get();
        book.print();

    }
}

打印结果：

我是其它类型的书