工程电磁场-恒定电流的电场和磁场

Current is a flux quantity and is defined as:

Current density, J, measured in A/m2 , yields current in Amps when it is integrated over a cross-sectional area. The assumption would be that the direction of J is normal to the surface, and so we would write:

In reality, the direction of current flow may not be normal to the surface in question, so we treat current density as a vector, and write the incremental flux through the small surface in the usual way: