OC创建对象alloc流程

开局先上alloc流程图

1.在项目Demo中：创建对象 [HSPerson alloc]将调用底层的alloc函数创建对象

 + (id)alloc {
    return _objc_rootAlloc(self);
}

2. alloc创建对象的时候会调用内部 _objc_rootAlloc函数

// Base class implementation of +alloc. cls is not nil.
// Calls [cls allocWithZone:nil].
id
_objc_rootAlloc(Class cls)
{
    return callAlloc(cls, false/*checkNil*/, true/*allocWithZone*/);
}

3. 从_objc_rootAlloc进一步调用callAlloc函数、当前对象没有自定义的allocWithZone方法的话、会走快速创建方法；有自定义的allocWithZone方法，调用之后也会走 _objc_rootAllocWithZone方法

// Call [cls alloc] or [cls allocWithZone:nil], with appropriate 
// shortcutting optimizations.
static ALWAYS_INLINE id
callAlloc(Class cls, bool checkNil, bool allocWithZone=false)
{
#if __OBJC2__
    if (slowpath(checkNil && !cls)) return nil;
    if (fastpath(!cls->ISA()->hasCustomAWZ())) {//hasCustomAWZ :自定义的allocWithZone
        return _objc_rootAllocWithZone(cls, nil);
    }
#endif

    // No shortcuts available.
    if (allocWithZone) {
        return ((id(*)(id, SEL, struct _NSZone *))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(allocWithZone:), nil);
    }
    return ((id(*)(id, SEL))objc_msgSend)(cls, @selector(alloc));
}

4.经过快速创建继续走 _objc_rootAllocWithZone方法、

NEVER_INLINE
id
_objc_rootAllocWithZone(Class cls, malloc_zone_t *zone __unused)
{
    // allocWithZone under __OBJC2__ ignores the zone parameter
    return _class_createInstanceFromZone(cls, 0, nil,
                                         OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC);
}

5.而最终创建对象落在了 _class_createInstanceFromZone方法上

• cls->instanceSize    计算需要的内存空间大小
• calloc                       向系统申请开辟内存，返回地址指针
• obj->initInstanceIsa 关联到相应的类

static ALWAYS_INLINE id
_class_createInstanceFromZone(Class cls, size_t extraBytes, void *zone,
                              int construct_flags = OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_NONE,
                              bool cxxConstruct = true,
                              size_t *outAllocatedSize = nil)
{
    ASSERT(cls->isRealized());
    // Read class's info bits all at once for performance
    bool hasCxxCtor = cxxConstruct && cls->hasCxxCtor();
    bool hasCxxDtor = cls->hasCxxDtor();
    bool fast = cls->canAllocNonpointer();
    size_t size;
    //计算出需要的内存空间大小 
    size = cls->instanceSize(extraBytes);
    if (outAllocatedSize) *outAllocatedSize = size;

    id obj;
    if (zone) {
        obj = (id)malloc_zone_calloc((malloc_zone_t *)zone, 1, size);
    } else {
    //向系统申请开辟内存，返回地址指针
        obj = (id)calloc(1, size);
    }
    if (slowpath(!obj)) {
        if (construct_flags & OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_CALL_BADALLOC) {
            return _objc_callBadAllocHandler(cls);
        }
        return nil;
    }
    //关联到相应的类
    if (!zone && fast) {
        obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor);
    } else {
        // Use raw pointer isa on the assumption that they might be
        // doing something weird with the zone or RR.
        obj->initIsa(cls);
    }

    if (fastpath(!hasCxxCtor)) {
        return obj;
    }

    construct_flags |= OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_FREE_ONFAILURE;
    return object_cxxConstructFromClass(obj, cls, construct_flags);
}

6、关联到相应的类过程

• zone不存在时、且canAllocNonpointer为true时。走 obj->initInstanceIsa(cls, hasCxxDtor)、

inline void 
objc_object::initInstanceIsa(Class cls, bool hasCxxDtor)
{
    ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());
    ASSERT(hasCxxDtor == cls->hasCxxDtor());

    initIsa(cls, true, hasCxxDtor);
}

• 其他：zone存在时、走 obj->initIsa(cls) 方法

inline void 
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls)
{
    initIsa(cls, false, false);
}

7、最终initIsa方法做了些赋值操作

inline void 
objc_object::initIsa(Class cls, bool nonpointer, bool hasCxxDtor) 
{ 
    ASSERT(!isTaggedPointer()); 
    //nonpointer 表示是否对isa指针开启指针优化 0 纯isa指针、1:不止是类对象地址，isa包含了类对象，对象的引用等
    if (!nonpointer) {
        isa = isa_t((uintptr_t)cls);
    } else {
        ASSERT(!DisableNonpointerIsa);
        ASSERT(!cls->instancesRequireRawIsa());

        isa_t newisa(0);

#if SUPPORT_INDEXED_ISA
        ASSERT(cls->classArrayIndex() > 0);
        newisa.bits = ISA_INDEX_MAGIC_VALUE;
        // isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        // isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
        newisa.indexcls = (uintptr_t)cls->classArrayIndex();
#else
        newisa.bits = ISA_MAGIC_VALUE;
        // isa.magic is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        // isa.nonpointer is part of ISA_MAGIC_VALUE
        newisa.has_cxx_dtor = hasCxxDtor;
        newisa.shiftcls = (uintptr_t)cls >> 3;
#endif

        // This write must be performed in a single store in some cases
        // (for example when realizing a class because other threads
        // may simultaneously try to use the class).
        // fixme use atomics here to guarantee single-store and to
        // guarantee memory order w.r.t. the class index table
        // ...but not too atomic because we don't want to hurt instantiation
        isa = newisa;
    }
}

8、在 initIsa方法中如果对指针开启指针优化、那么其中的涉及到联合体和位域、

union isa_t {//联合体
    isa_t() { }
    isa_t(uintptr_t value) : bits(value) { }

    Class cls;
    uintptr_t bits;
#if defined(ISA_BITFIELD)
    struct {//位域：告诉位置区域
        ISA_BITFIELD;  // defined in isa.h
    };
#endif
};

9、ISA_BITFIELD的定义在下方显示、uintptr_t定义为下

typedef unsigned long           uintptr_t;

 SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA 判断当前设备为arm64移动结构还是 x86_64电脑设备、这两类设备类型中无符号长整型 uintptr_t 对应的数据值相加均为 64

#if SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA

    // extra_rc must be the MSB-most field (so it matches carry/overflow flags)
    // nonpointer must be the LSB (fixme or get rid of it)
    // shiftcls must occupy the same bits that a real class pointer would
    // bits + RC_ONE is equivalent to extra_rc + 1
    // RC_HALF is the high bit of extra_rc (i.e. half of its range)

    // future expansion:
    // uintptr_t fast_rr : 1;     // no r/r overrides
    // uintptr_t lock : 2;        // lock for atomic property, @synch
    // uintptr_t extraBytes : 1;  // allocated with extra bytes

# if __arm64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x0000000ffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x000003f000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x000001a000000001ULL
#   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                      \
      uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t shiftcls          : 33; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x1000000000*/ \
      uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                       \
      uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                       \
      uintptr_t extra_rc          : 19
#   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<45)
#   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<18)

# elif __x86_64__
#   define ISA_MASK        0x00007ffffffffff8ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_MASK  0x001f800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_MAGIC_VALUE 0x001d800000000001ULL
#   define ISA_BITFIELD                                                        \
      uintptr_t nonpointer        : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_assoc         : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_cxx_dtor      : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t shiftcls          : 44; /*MACH_VM_MAX_ADDRESS 0x7fffffe00000*/ \
      uintptr_t magic             : 6;                                         \
      uintptr_t weakly_referenced : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t deallocating      : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t has_sidetable_rc  : 1;                                         \
      uintptr_t extra_rc          : 8
#   define RC_ONE   (1ULL<<56)
#   define RC_HALF  (1ULL<<7)

# else
#   error unknown architecture for packed isa
# endif

// SUPPORT_PACKED_ISA
#endif

10、ISA_BITFIELD 涉及的变量含义

nonpointer: 	表示是否对指针开启指针优化、0:纯isa指针，1:不止是类对象地址，isa中包含了类信息，对象的引用计数等。
has_assoc：		关联对象标志位，0没有，1存在
has_cxx_dtor：	该对象是否有C++或者Objc的析构器，如果有析构函数，则需要做析构逻辑，如果没有，则可以更快的释放对象。
shiftcls：		存储类指针的值。开启指针优化的情况下，在arm64架构中有33位用来存储类指针。
magic：			用于调试器判断当前对象是真的对象还是没有初始化的空间。
weakly_referenced:标志对象是否被指向或者曾经指向一个ARC的弱变量，没有弱引用的对象可以更快释放。
deallocating：	标志对象是否正在释放对象。
has_sidetable_rc：当对象引用计数大于10时，则需要借用该变量存储进位
extra_rc：		当表示该对象的引用计数值，实际上是引用计数减1。如果对象的引用计数为10，那么extra_rc为9。如果引用计数大于10，则需要使用has_sidetable_rc。