方法 | 命中元素 | 描述 |
---|
document.getElementById() | <div id="id_name"></div> | 通过 ID 获取元素 |
document.getElementsByName() | <div name="name_name"></div> | 通过name获取元素,返回的是一个数组集合 |
document.getElementsByTagName() | <div></div> | 通过标签获取元素,返回的是一个数组集合 |
document.getElementsByClassName() | <div class="class_name"></div> | 通过类名获取元素,返回的是一个数组集合 |
document.querySelector(“#selector_name”) | <div id="selector_name"></div> | 通过css选择器获取元素,返回匹配到的第一个元素 |
document.querySelectorAll(“#selector_name”) | <div id="selector_name"></div><div id="selector_name"></div> | 通过css选择器获取元素,返回的是一个数组集合 |
document.documentElement | <html><html> | 获取html |
document.body | <body></body> | 获取body |
实战代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>获取DOM元素</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="id_name">这是id_name</div>
<div name="name_name">这是name_name</div>
<p>p标签</p>
<div class="class_name">这是class_name</div>
<div id="selector_name">这是selector_name</div>
<div id="selector_name">这是selector_name</div>
</body>
<script>
var id_name = document.getElementById("id_name");
console.log("1. id_name:", id_name);
var name_name = document.getElementsByName("name_name");
console.log("2. name_name:", name_name);
var p = document.getElementsByTagName("p");
console.log("3. p:", p);
var class_name = document.getElementsByClassName("class_name");
console.log("4. class_name:", class_name);
var selector_name = document.querySelector("#selector_name");
console.log("5. selector_name:", selector_name);
var selector_name = document.querySelectorAll("#selector_name");
console.log("6. selector_name:", selector_name);
var html = document.documentElement;
console.log("7. html:", html);
var body = document.body;
console.log("8. body:", body);
</script>
</html>