Redhat Linux 6 安装笔记

快速记录下自己在虚拟机安装Redhat Linux 6 的过程，仅供参考。

1. 系统安装

存储空间规划 200M for “/boot”, 2G for swap, rest for “/”

2. 网络管理

Network Management TUI: nmtui

3. SELinux

检查SELinux状态

/usr/sbin/sestatus -v	

或者

getenforce

临时禁用SELinux

setenforce 0	

永久禁用SELinux

grep SELINUX /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

之后需要重启

3. IPtables

临时禁用 IPtables

service iptables status

永久禁用 IPtables

chkconfig iptables off

[RHEL7: systemctl stop firewalld]
[RHEL7: systemctl disable firewalld]

4. 重启/关机选项

重启方法
a. shutdown -r +10 ‘system will reboot in ten minutes’
b. Init 6
c. Reboot
关机方法
a. Shutdown -h +10 ‘system will shut down in ten minutes’
b. Init 0
c. Halt

6. 修改Hostname

临时修改

hostname [new hostname]

永久修改

vim /etc/sysconfig/network

7. 网络配置

Service network restart

常见虚拟机与主机网络设置模式

"Device eth0 does not seem to present." after VM clone.
a. Ifconfig -a, record Mac addr of eth1;
b. Vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 , with eth1’s MAC addr;
c.rm -rf /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
d. Reboot -h now

8. 配置root用户的ssh无密码登录

在每个节点执行，生成公钥和私钥

ssh-keygen -t rsa   (with all default)   

在某一个节点例如login1上生成一个授权文件

cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

除login1外其他节点执行，公钥会自动追加写入login1的授权文件

ssh-copy-id -i login1
chmod 600 authorized_keys

从login1分发整合后的公钥文件到每个节点

scp authorized_keys n01:/root/.ssh/

9. 配置本地Yum

$releasever定义：https://blog.csdn.net/taiyang1987912/article/details/46890997

mkdir /mnt/iso
mount -o loop /dev/cdrom /mnt/iso/    #write into /etc/rc.local
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo.backup
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
baseurl=file:///mnt/iso
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///mnt/iso/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta
[rhel-source-beta]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source

baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/iso/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

最后通过 ‘yum install vim*’ 验证。

10. 如果要改为CentOS Yum

1. 重装Yum：https://blog.csdn.net/CTLLIN/article/details/79089123
2. 配置Proxy：https://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/yum/sn-yum-proxy-server.html

11. 配置FTP

yum install vsftpd

验证FTP安装和服务

which vsftpd
service vsftpd status
service vsftpd start

验证FTP服务已启动

netstat -an | grep 21
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:21                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN 

修改root用户权限

vi /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers	#注释root
vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list	#注释root
service vsftpd restart

设置开机自启动

chkconfig vsftpd on

12. 配置NFS

[CentOS7: https://qizhanming.com/blog/2018/08/08/how-to-install-nfs-on-centos-7]

NFS服务器

mkdir /home/share
vi /etc/exports   #添加	  /home/share 192.168.1.0/24（rw,sync,no_root_squash）
service nfs start
chkconfig nfs on #开机自启动nfs service

NFS客户端

showmount -e 192.168.1.1
mkdir /home/share
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.1:/home/share /home/share   #可以再添加到rc.local开机自启动

12. 配置NTP

NTP服务器

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/ntp.conf |awk '{if($0 !~ /^$/ && $0 !~ /^#/) {print $0}}'  
restrict default ignore   //默认不允许修改或者查询ntp,并且不接收特殊封包  
restrict 127.0.0.1        //给于本机所有权限  
restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 notrap nomodify  //给于局域网机的机器有同步时间的权限  
server time.nist.gov prefer      //设置时间服务器，加prefer表示优先  
si-time1.bosch.com
si-time3.bosch.com
fudge   127.127.1.0 stratum 10  
driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift  
keys /etc/ntp/keys

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/ntpd start 
[root@localhost ~]# Chkconfig ntpd on

NTP客户端

yum install ntp
vi /etc/ntp.conf   #add NTP server
/etc/init.d/ntpd start
ntpdate $NTPServer #optional

FAQ - "the NTP socket is in use, exiting"
When “Ntpdate test-login1”, output err above.
lsof -i:123 # find the ntpd PID
Kill -9 $ntpdPID
Ntpdate $NTPServer #try again

13. 安装Linux桌面

yum -y groupinstall Desktop
yum -y groupinstall "X Window System"