Objective-C 多态的例子

写写学习多态时的例子：打印机有很多种，彩色打印机、黑色打印机、激光打印机……去做打印这件事情就需要对应不同的打印机，若有一个Person类，那么Person类中就需要定义很多种方法。每增加一种新的打印机，都要修改Person类，以增加相应的打印方法，代码可扩展性和可维护性很差。多态可以解决的问题是，子类覆盖父类的方法，每个子类实现的功能不相同，通过调用相同的方法来完成不同的事情。

以两种打印机(黑白打印机&彩色打印机)为例，很简洁：

Printer类:
Printer.h:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Printer : NSObject

-(void) print;

@end
Printer.m:
#import "Printer.h"

@implementation Printer

-(void) print
{
    NSLog(@"打印机打印");
}

@end
ColorPrinter类:
ColorPrinter.h:
#import "Printer.h"

@interface ColorPrinter : Printer

@end

ColorPrinter.m:
#import "ColorPrinter.h"

@implementation ColorPrinter

//重写父类print方法
-(void) print
{
    NSLog(@"打印彩色效果");
}

@end
BlackPrinter类
BlackPrinter.h:
#import "Printer.h"

@interface BlackPrinter : Printer

@end

BlackPrinter.m:
#import "BlackPrinter.h"

@implementation BlackPrinter

//重写父类print方法
-(void) print
{
    NSLog(@"打印黑白效果");
}

@end
Person类
Person.h:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Printer.h"

@interface Person : NSObject

-(void) doPrint: (Printer *) printer;

@end

Person.m:
#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person

-(void) doPrint:(Printer *)printer
{
    [printer print];
}

@end
下面是main文件里的实现
#import "Person.h"
#import "ColorPrinter.h"
#import "BlackPrinter.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Printer *blackPrinter = [[BlackPrinter alloc] init];
        Printer *colorPrinter = [[ColorPrinter alloc] init];
        Person *me = [[Person alloc] init];
        
        [me doPrint:blackPrinter];
        [me doPrint:colorPrinter];
        
    }
    return 0;
}