UVA 10817 Headmaster's Headache（01背包+状压DP）

Problem D: Headmaster's Headache
Time limit: 2 seconds

The headmaster of spring Field School is considering employing some new teachers for certain subjects. There are a number of teachers applying for the posts. Each teacher is able to teach one or more subjects. The headmaster wants to select applicants so that each subject is taught by at least two teachers, and the overall cost is minimized.

Input

The input consists of several test cases. The format of each of them is explained below:

The first line contains three positive integers S, M and N. S (≤ 8) is the number of subjects,M (≤ 20) is the number of serving teachers, and N (≤ 100) is the number of applicants.

Each of the following M lines describes a serving teacher. It first gives the cost of employing him/her (10000 ≤C ≤ 50000), followed by a list of subjects that he/she can teach. The subjects are numbered from 1 toS. You must keep on employing all of them. After that there areN lines, giving the details of the applicants in the same format.

Input is terminated by a null case where S = 0. This case should not be processed.

Output

For each test case, give the minimum cost to employ the teachers under the constraints.

Sample Input

2 2 2
10000 1
20000 2
30000 1 2
40000 1 2
0 0 0

Sample Output

60000

【思路】

首先老师有选与不选两种可能，所以这是一道01背包问题，由于选择老师之后课程对于老师的需求改变了，所以要记录课程状态，S值仅为8，因此要进行状态压缩。用二进制串s1、s2分别表示至少有一个、至少有两个老师的课程状态。dp[s1][s2]记录下s1和s2状态下的老师薪资最小值，转移的时候要由高到低。一个比较麻烦的是读入，用stringstream来做比较省事，流对象的构造和析构比较费时，所以干脆只用一个对象，多次利用，每次用完都清空就好了。

【代码】

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;

const int MAXN=130,MAXS=300,INF=0x3f3f3f3f;

int s,m,n;
int c[MAXN],p[MAXN];
int dp[MAXS][MAXS];

int main()
{
    string line;
    stringstream stream;
    while(getline(cin,line)){
        stream<<line;
        stream>>s>>m>>n;
        stream.str("");stream.clear();
        if(s==0)break;
        int curr1=0,curr2=0,sum=0;
        for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
            getline(cin,line);
            stream<<line;
            int x,course=0;
            stream>>x;
            sum+=x;
            while(stream>>x)course|=(1<<(x-1));
            stream.str("");stream.clear();
            curr2|=(curr1&course);
            curr1|=course;
        }
        memset(c,0,sizeof(c));
        memset(dp,0x3f,sizeof(dp));
        dp[curr1][curr2]=sum;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            getline(cin,line);
            stream<<line;
            stream>>p[i];
            int x;
            while(stream>>x)c[i]|=(1<<(x-1));
            stream.str("");stream.clear();
            for(int j=(1<<s)-1;j>=0;j--)
                for(int k=(1<<s)-1;k>=j;k--){
                    if(dp[k][j]>=INF)continue;
                    int s1=k|c[i],s2=(k&c[i])|j;
                    dp[s1][s2]=min(dp[s1][s2],dp[k][j]+p[i]);
                }
        }
        cout<<dp[(1<<s)-1][(1<<s)-1]<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}