JDBC的基本使用步骤

以前使用过JDBC，但没有系统地学过。这次因为需要，所以想重新学一遍JDBC。故参照JDBC教程（http://www.yiibai.com/jdbc/jdbc_quick_guide.html），记录下JDBC的学习过程。

以连接MySQL数据库为例

1. 需要Jar包：

   mysql-connector-java-X.X.X-bin.jar (X.X.X为jar包版本号)

2. 注册JDBC驱动程序：

   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
   Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
   

3. 建立一个连接：

   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/test";
   static final String USER = "root";
   static final String PASS = "123456";
   Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
   

4. 执行一个查询操作：

   Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
   String sql = "SELECT * FROM user";
   ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
   

5. 从结果集中提取数据：

   while (rs.next()){
      int id = rs.getInt("id");
      String name = rs.getString("name");
      int age = rs.getInt("age");
   }
   

6. 清理环境资源：

   rs.close();
   stmt.close();
   conn.close();
   

完整示例：

package com.shirley;

import java.sql.*;

public class Main {

    static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?useSSL=true";
    static final String USER = "root";
    static final String PASSWORD = "123456";

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
            System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASSWORD);
            System.out.println("Creating statement...");
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM user";
            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
            while (rs.next()){
                int id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                int age = rs.getInt("age");

                System.out.print("ID: " + id);
                System.out.print(", Name: " + name);
                System.out.println(", Age: " + age);
            }
            rs.close();
            stmt.close();
            conn.close();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (stmt != null){
                    stmt.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try{
                if (conn != null){
                    conn.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果：