复制构造函数和operator=的一点注意事项

class GameBoard
{
public:
    
    GameBoard()
    {
       std::cout << "GameBoard()" << std::endl;
    }

    GameBoard(const GameBoard&)
    {
       std::cout << "GameBoard(const GameBoard&)" << std::endl;
    }

    GameBoard& operator=(const GameBoard& other)
    {
       std::cout<< "GameBoard& operator=()" << std::endl;
       return *this;
    }

    ~GameBoard()
    {
       std::cout << "~GameBoard" << std::endl;
    }
};

class Game
{
public:
    Game()
    {
      std::cout << "Game()" << std::endl;
    }

    ~Game()
    {
      std::cout << "~Game()" << std::endl;
    }
    //显示调用子对象复制构造函数
    Game(const Game& other):gb(other.gb)
    {
       std::cout << "Game(const Game& other)" << std::endl;
    }

    Game& operator=(const Game& other)
    {
       gb = other.gb; //显示调用子对象赋值函数
       std::cout << "Game& operator=()" << std::endl;
       return *this;
    }

private:
    GameBoard gb;
};

class Checkers : public Game
{
public:

    Checkers()
    {
       std::cout << "Checkers()" << std::endl;
    }

    ~Checkers()
    {
       std::cout << "~Checkers()" << std::endl;
    }

    Checkers(const Checkers& other):Game(other) //显示调用基类复制构造函数
    {
       std::cout << "Checkers(const Checkers& other)" << std::endl;
    }

    Checkers& operator=(const Checkers& other)
    {
        Game::operator=(other); //显示调用基类赋值函数
       std::cout << "Checkers& operator=()" << std::endl;
    }
};

总结：

1.复制构造函数默认调用基类的默认构造函数，不会自动调用基类复制构造函数。当派生类写拷贝构造函数时,要显示调用基类的拷贝构造函数,如下:

Derived(const Derived& d):Base(d)

{

}

2.operator= 不会自动调用基类的operator=,当为派生类写赋值操作符,要显示调用基类版本,如下:

Derived& operator=(const Derived& d)

{

    Base::operator=(d);

}