SharedPreferences存储+SD卡存储
一:SharedPreferences
SharedPreferences简称Sp(后面都会称Sp)，是一种轻量级的数据存储方式,采用Key/value的方式 进行映射，最终会在手机的/data/data/package_name/shared_prefs/目录下以xml的格式存在。
Sp通常用于记录一些参数配置、行为标记等！因为其使用简单，所以大多数开发者用起来很爽！
但是 请注意：千万不要使用Sp去存储量大的数据，也千万不要去让你的Sp文件超级大，否则会大大影响应用性能， 甚至出现ANR(程序无响应)
特点:
保存少量的数据，且这些数据的格式非常简单。 存储5种原始数据类型: boolean, float, int, long, String
比如应用程序的各种配置信息（如是否打开音效、是否使用震动效果、小游戏的玩家积分等），记住密码功能，音乐播放器播放模式。
技能要点： (1)如何存储数据 (2)如何获取数据
使用方式
**步骤1：**得到SharedPreferences对象 getSharedPreferences(“文件的名称”,“文件的类型”);
(1).Context.MODE_PRIVATE:指定该SharedPreferences数据只能被应用程序读写
(2)MODE_APPEND：检查文件是否存在，存在就往文件追加内容，否则就创建新文件。
以下不在建议使用
(3).Context.MODE_WORLD_READABLE:指定该SharedPreferences数据能被其他
应用程序读，但不能写。
(4).Context,MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE:指定该SharedPreferences数据能被其他应用程序写，但不能读。
**步骤2：**得到 SharedPreferences.Editor编辑对象
SharedPreferences.Editor editor=sp.edit();
**步骤3：**添加数据
editor.putBoolean(key,value)
editor.putString()
editor.putInt()
editor.putFloat()
editor.putLong()
**步骤4：**提交数据 editor.commit()或者apply()(推荐用这个.异步提交)
Editor其他方法： editor.clear() 清除数据 editor.remove(key) 移除指定key对应的数据
写数据
//SP写数据
private void write() {
//得到SharedPreferences对象
//参数一 xml文件的名字 参数二 模式 MODE_PRIVATE 指定该SharedPreferences数据只能被本应用程序读写
SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences("songdingxing", MODE_PRIVATE);
//获得编辑对象
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = preferences.edit();
//写数据
editor.putString("username","用户名");
editor.putInt("age",18);
editor.putBoolean("isMan",false);
editor.putFloat("price",12.4f);
editor.putLong("id",5425054250l);
//提交数据
editor.commit();
}
读数据
步骤1：得到SharedPreferences对象 getSharedPreferences(“文件的名称”,“文件的类型”);
步骤2：读取数据 String msg = sp.getString(key,defValue);
//读数据
private void read() {
//TODO 1:得到SharedPreferences对象
//参数一 xml文件的名字 参数二 模式 MODE_PRIVATE 指定该SharedPreferences数据只能被本应用程序读写
SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences("sgf", MODE_PRIVATE);
//TODO 2：直接读取
//参数一 键 参数二 找不到的时候给默认值
String username=preferences.getString("username","");
int age=preferences.getInt("age",0);
boolean isMan=preferences.getBoolean("isMan",false);
float price=preferences.getFloat("price",0.0f);
long id=preferences.getLong("id",0l);
Toast.makeText(this, username+":"+age+":"+isMan+":"+price+"："+id, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
使用案例
xml布局
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".LoginActivity"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:gravity="center">
<EditText
android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"
android:layout_marginRight="50dp"
android:id="@+id/username"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<EditText
android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"
android:layout_marginRight="50dp"
android:id="@+id/password"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<RelativeLayout
android:layout_marginLeft="50dp"
android:layout_marginRight="50dp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<CheckBox
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:id="@+id/cb_remember"
android:text="记住密码"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
<Button
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:id="@+id/login"
android:text="登录"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
java代码
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences;
private EditText username;
private EditText password;
private CheckBox cb;
private Button login;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
username = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);
password = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
cb=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.cb_remember);
login=(Button)findViewById(R.id.login);
//TODO 读取
sharedPreferences=getSharedPreferences("1705A",MODE_PRIVATE);
boolean ischeck= sharedPreferences.getBoolean("ischeck",false);
if(ischeck){
//读到用户名和密码展现在页面中,复选框被勾选
String username1=sharedPreferences.getString("username","");
String password1=sharedPreferences.getString("password","");
username.setText(username1);
password.setText(password1);
cb.setChecked(true);
}
//TODO 写数据
login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String username2=username.getText().toString().trim();
String password2=password.getText().toString().trim();
//用户名和密码是否正确
if("sgf".equals(username2)&&"123456".equals(password2)){
//判断记住密码是否被选中
if(cb.isChecked()){//存
SharedPreferences.Editor edit = sharedPreferences.edit();
edit.putBoolean("ischeck",true);
edit.putString("username",username2);
edit.putString("password",password2);
edit.commit();
}else{//清空
SharedPreferences.Editor edit = sharedPreferences.edit();
edit.putBoolean("ischeck",false);
edit.commit();
}
}
}
});
}
二:文件存储
内部文件存储
openFileOutput
与java 操作文件没有区别.只是路径是唯一的
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
fileOutputStream = openFileOutput("aa.json", MODE_PRIVATE);
fileOutputStream.write("hello".getBytes());
fileOutputStream.flush();
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
openFileInput
与java 操作文件没有区别.只是路径是唯一的
FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
try {
fileInputStream= openFileInput("aa.json");
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while((len = fileInputStream.read(b)) != -1){
Log.i(TAG, "onClick: "+new String(b,0,len));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
外部文件存储(SD卡)
SD卡介绍：
一般手机文件管理 根路径 /storage/emulated/0/或者/mnt/shell/emulated/0
重要代码：
(1)Environment.getExternalStorageState();// 判断SD卡是否
(2)Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(); 获取SD卡的根目录
(3)Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES); 获取SD卡公开目录pictures文件夹
必须要添加读写SD卡的权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button login;
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
String externalStorageState = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: "+externalStorageState);
File externalStorageDirectory = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: "+externalStorageDirectory.toString());
File externalStoragePublicDirectory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
Log.i(TAG, "onCreate: "+externalStoragePublicDirectory);
login = findViewById(R.id.login);
login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Log.i(TAG, "onClick: ");
//运行时权限
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},100);
if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
//获取SD卡根路径：
File file = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
FileOutputStream out = null;
try {
//创建输出流
out = new FileOutputStream(new File(file, "json.txt"));
out.write("呵呵呵俺哥哥".getBytes());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (out != null) {
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
});
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if(requestCode == 100){
if(grantResults != null && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
Toast.makeText(this, "ok", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "不行啊", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
}
改进后的代码
把文件操作写到同意授权的回调方法里.
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if(requestCode == 100 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
File file = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
try {
fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File(file,"aa.json"));
fileOutputStream.write("aaa".getBytes());
fileOutputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "没有权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
代码案例
(1)添加读写SD卡的 权限
(2)FileUtils.java:四个方法：实现向SD卡中读写Bitmap图片和json字符串
public class FileUtils {
//方法1：向SD卡中写json串
public static void write_json(String json) {
//判断是否挂载
if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
//获取SD卡根路径：mnt/shell/emulated/0
File file=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
FileOutputStream out=null;
try {
//创建输出流
out= new FileOutputStream(new File(file,“json.txt”));
out.write(json.getBytes());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(out!=null){
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
//方法2：从SD卡中读取json串
public static String read_json() {
if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
File file = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
FileInputStream inputStream = null;
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
try {
inputStream=new FileInputStream(new File(file,"json.txt"));
byte[] b=new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while((len=inputStream.read(b))!=-1){
sb.append(new String(b,0,len));
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(inputStream!=null){
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return sb.toString();
}else{
return "";
}
}
//方法3:从SD卡中读取一张图片
public static Bitmap read_bitmap(String filename) {//filename图片名字
Bitmap bitmap=null;
if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)){
File file=Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
File file1 = new File(file, filename);
//BitmapFactory可以直接根据SD卡图片路径转成一个bitmap对象
bitmap= BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file1.getAbsolutePath());
}
return bitmap;
}
//方法4：网络下载一张图片存储到SD卡中
public static void write_bitmap(String url) {//网址
new MyTask().execute(url);
}
static class MyTask extends AsyncTask<String,String,String> {
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
FileOutputStream out=null;
InputStream inputStream=null;//网络连接的输入流
HttpURLConnection connection=null;//向SD卡写的输出流
try {
URL url= new URL(strings[0]);
connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setConnectTimeout(5*1000);
connection.setReadTimeout(5*1000);
if (connection.getResponseCode()==200){
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
//TODO 获取SD卡的路径
if(Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {//是否挂载
File file = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
out = new FileOutputStream(new File(file,"xiaoyueyue.jpg"));
byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
out.write(bytes,0,len);
}
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关流
if(out!=null){
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(inputStream!=null){
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(connection!=null){
connection.disconnect();
}
}
return null;
}
}
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