Android 使Android Studio单元测试（以mvp模式为列）

第一步:build.gradle文件添加测试相关依赖

dependencies { 
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.19.0'
    testImplementation 'com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2:mockito-kotlin:2.1.0'//mock()
    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-inline:2.13.0'//适配单元测试时，不能调用final类
...
}

第二步新建测试类（项目中存在的类）

BasePresenter：

package com.example.test

abstract class BasePresenter<V> {
  protected var view: V? = null

  fun attachView(view: V) {
    this.view = view
  }

  fun detachView() {
    this.view = null
  }
}

Recipe：

package com.example.test

class Recipe(var id : String ="",var title :String = "",var imageUrl : String ="",var sourceUrl : String ="",var isFavorited : Boolean = false) 

RecipeRepository：

package com.example.test

interface RecipeRepository {
  fun addFavorite(item: Recipe)
  fun removeFavorite(item: Recipe)
  fun getFavoriteRecipes(): List<Recipe>
  fun getRecipes(query: String, callback: RepositoryCallback<List<Recipe>>)
}

interface RepositoryCallback<in T> {
  fun onSuccess(t: T?)
  fun onError()
}

SearchResultsPresenter：

package com.example.test

/**
 * JunitTestClass
 */
class SearchResultsPresenter(private val repository: RecipeRepository) :
    BasePresenter<SearchResultsPresenter.View>() {
  private var recipes: List<Recipe>? = null

  fun search(query: String) {
    view?.showLoading()

    repository.getRecipes(query, object : RepositoryCallback<List<Recipe>> {
      override fun onSuccess(recipes: List<Recipe>?) {
        this@SearchResultsPresenter.recipes = recipes
        if (recipes != null && recipes.isNotEmpty()) {
          view?.showRecipes(recipes)
        } else {
          view?.showEmptyRecipes()
        }
      }

      override fun onError() {
        view?.showError()
      }
    })
  }

  fun addFavorite(recipe: Recipe) {
    recipe.isFavorited = true

    repository.addFavorite(recipe)

    val recipeIndex = recipes?.indexOf(recipe)
    if (recipeIndex != null) {
      view?.refreshFavoriteStatus(recipeIndex)
    }
  }


  fun removeFavorite(recipe: Recipe) {
    repository.removeFavorite(recipe)
    recipe.isFavorited = false
    val recipeIndex = recipes?.indexOf(recipe)
    if (recipeIndex != null) {
      view?.refreshFavoriteStatus(recipeIndex)
    }
  }

  interface View {
    fun showLoading()
    fun showRecipes(recipes: List<Recipe>)
    fun showEmptyRecipes()
    fun showError()
    fun refreshFavoriteStatus(recipeIndex: Int)
  }
}

第三步：给presenter新建测试类

1>、windows快捷键：ctrl+shift+T（也可鼠标右键->go to->Test）;

2>、接着有测试类会让你选择，没有的->create new test...;

3>

4>新建成功

第四步：编写测试方法

1>verify方法（@Before将在@Test等方法之前调用）

class SearchResultsPresenterTest{
    private lateinit var repository: RecipeRepository
    private lateinit var presenter: SearchResultsPresenter
    private lateinit var view: SearchResultsPresenter.View

    @Before //最先调用（初始化）
    fun setup() {
        repository = mock()
        view = mock()
        presenter = SearchResultsPresenter(repository)
        presenter.attachView(view)
    }

    @Test
    fun search_callsShowLoading() {
        presenter.search("eggs")
//        verify(view).showLoading()//验证搜索时showLoading会不会被调用到
        verify(view).showEmptyRecipes()//验证showEmptyRecipes会不会被调用到
//        verify(view).showRecipes(mock())//验证showRecipes会不会被调用到
    }
}

如果verify方法验证了这次运行未调用此方法，运行后将会抛出错误,便于我们验证是否运行后调用该方法（如果调用了，日志没有反应）

同时刚才我们的coverage运行结果可以直接查看方法被调用的情况

2、doAnswer方法(插桩)：

   @Test
    fun search_callShowRecipes() {
        val recipe = Recipe("id", "title", "imageUrl", "sourceUrl", false)
        val recipes = listOf(recipe)

        doAnswer {//执行相应的方法（getRecipes）并拿到回调（Stubbing--插桩）
            val callback: RepositoryCallback<List<Recipe>> = it.getArgument(1)
//            callback.onSuccess(recipes)//此时以下的verify将会全部通过
            callback.onError()//这里也可以用onError()方法验证（此时下面的verify(view).showRecipes(eq(recipes))将会抛出错误）
        }.whenever(repository).getRecipes(eq("eggs"), any())

        presenter.search("eggs")

        verify(repository).getRecipes(eq("eggs"), any())
        verify(view).showRecipes(eq(recipes))

    }

通过doAnswer方法和verify方法，我们可以验证代码是否正确调用了正确的方法（行为验证）

3：Assert 方法:

    @Test
    fun addFavorite_shouldUpdateRecipeStatus() {
        val recipe = Recipe("id", "title", "imageUrl", "sourceUrl", false)
        presenter.addFavorite(recipe)
        //状态验证，assertThat(T actual, Matcher<? super T> matcher)左边为待验证的字段，右边为匹配器，
        // is是kotlin关键字，所以'is'。如果验证字段不同将会抛出错误。
        Assert.assertThat(recipe.isFavorited, CoreMatchers.`is`(false))
    }

状态验证，assertThat(T actual, Matcher<? super T> matcher)左边为待验证的字段，右边为匹配器，is是kotlin关键字，所以'is';

  @Test
    fun removeFavorite_shouldUpdateRecipeStatus() {
        val recipe = Recipe("id", "title", "imageUrl", "sourceUrl", true)
        presenter.removeFavorite(recipe)
        Assert.assertThat(recipe.isFavorited, CoreMatchers.`is`(false))
    }

SearchResultsPresenterTest

package com.example.test

import com.nhaarman.mockitokotlin2.*
import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers
import org.junit.Assert
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test

class SearchResultsPresenterTest{
    private lateinit var repository: RecipeRepository
    private lateinit var presenter: SearchResultsPresenter
    private lateinit var view: SearchResultsPresenter.View

    @Before //最先调用（初始化）
    fun setup() {
        repository = mock()
        view = mock()
        presenter = SearchResultsPresenter(repository)
        presenter.attachView(view)
    }

    @Test
    fun search_callsShowLoading() {
        presenter.search("eggs")
//        verify(view).showLoading()//验证搜索时showLoading会不会被调用到
        verify(view).showEmptyRecipes()//验证showEmptyRecipes会不会被调用到
//        verify(view).showRecipes(mock())//验证showRecipes会不会被调用到
    }

    @Test
    fun search_callShowRecipes() {
        val recipe = Recipe("id", "title", "imageUrl", "sourceUrl", false)
        val recipes = listOf(recipe)

        doAnswer {//执行相应的方法（getRecipes）并拿到回调（Stubbing--插桩）
            val callback: RepositoryCallback<List<Recipe>> = it.getArgument(1)
            callback.onSuccess(recipes)//此时以下的verify将会全部通过
//            callback.onError()//这里也可以用onError()方法验证（此时下面的verify(view).showRecipes(eq(recipes))将会抛出错误）
        }.whenever(repository).getRecipes(eq("eggs"), any())

        presenter.search("eggs")

        verify(repository).getRecipes(eq("eggs"), any())
        verify(view).showRecipes(eq(recipes))

    }

    @Test
    fun search_error_callShowError() {
        doAnswer {
            val callback: RepositoryCallback<List<Recipe>> = it.getArgument(1)
            callback.onError()
        }.whenever(repository).getRecipes(eq("eggs"), any())

        presenter.search("eggs")

        verify(repository).getRecipes(eq("eggs"), any())
        verify(view).showError()
    }

    @Test
    fun addFavorite_shouldUpdateRecipeStatus() {
        val recipe = Recipe("id", "title", "imageUrl", "sourceUrl", false)
        presenter.addFavorite(recipe)
        //状态验证，assertThat(T actual, Matcher<? super T> matcher)左边为待验证的字段，右边为匹配器，
        // is是kotlin关键字，所以'is'。如果验证字段不同将会抛出错误。
        Assert.assertThat(recipe.isFavorited, CoreMatchers.`is`(false))
    }

    @Test
    fun removeFavorite_shouldUpdateRecipeStatus() {
        val recipe = Recipe("id", "title", "imageUrl", "sourceUrl", true)
        presenter.removeFavorite(recipe)
        Assert.assertThat(recipe.isFavorited, CoreMatchers.`is`(false))
    }

}

参考连接：

https://juejin.im/post/6844903848272723975#heading-14